Reducing fuel consumption through modular vehicle architectures

By identifying energy waste streams in vehicles fuel consumption and introducing the concept of lean driving systems, a technological gap for reducing fuel consumption was identified. This paper proposes a solution to overcome this gap, through a modular vehicle architecture aligned with driving patterns. It does not address detailed technological solutions; instead it models the potential effects in fuel consumption through a modular concept of a vehicle and quantifies their dependence on vehicle design parameters (manifesting as the vehicle mass) and user behavior parameters (driving patterns manifesting as the use of a modular car in lighter and heavier mode, in urban and highway cycles). Modularity has been functionally applied in automotive industry as manufacture and assembly management strategies; here it is thought as a product development strategy for flexibility in use, driven by environmental concerns and enabled by social behaviors. The authors argue this concept is a step forward in combining technological solutions and social behavior, of which eco-driving is a vivid example, and potentially evolutionary to a lean, more sustainable, driving culture.

REENGINEERING THE CONCEPT OF URBAN CARS: A CASE STUDY

Based on a previously developed mathematical model for fuel consumption of a modular car, here we discuss the cross impacts of engineering scenarios vs. flexibility in use for modular vehicle architectures to achieve the reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the European Union, in 2009. A systems perspective is adopted in conceptualizing a modular architecture of vehicles. From a theoretical viewpoint, we found modular architecture of vehicles a potential design strategy to minimize fuel inefficiencies and, thus, a strategy for design for environment.

Domain-Specific Language for Coordination patterns

The integration and composition of software systems requires a good architectural design phase to speed up communications between (remote) components. However, during implementation phase, the code to coordinate such components often ends up mixed in the main business code. This leads to maintenance problems, raising the need for, on the one hand, separating the coordination code from the business code, and on the other hand, providing mechanisms for analysis and comprehension of the architectural decisions once made. In this context our aim is at developing a domain-specific language, CoordL, to describe typical coordination patterns. From our point of view, coordination patterns are abstractions, in a graph form, over the composition of coordination statements from the system code. These patterns would allow us to identify, by means of pattern-based graph search strategies, the code responsible for the coordination of the several components in a system. The recovering and separation of the architectural decisions for a better comprehension of the software is the main purpose of this pattern language

A Wireless EEG Acquisition Platform based on Embedded Systems

This paper proposes a wireless EEG acquisition platform based on Open Multimedia Architecture Platform (OMAP) embedded system. A high-impedance active dry electrode was tested for improving the scalp- electrode interface. It was used the sigma-delta ADS1298 analog-to-digital converter, and developed a “kernelspace” character driver to manage the communications between the converter unit and the OMAP’s ARM core. The acquired EEG signal data is processed by a “userspace” application, which accesses the driver’s memory, saves the data to a SD-card and transmits them through a wireless TCP/IP-socket to a PC. The electrodes were tested through the alpha wave replacement phenomenon. The experimental results presented the expected alpha rhythm (8-13 Hz) reactiveness to the eyes opening task. The driver spends about 725 μs to acquire and store the data samples. The application takes about 244 μs to get the data from the driver and 1.4 ms to save it in the SD-card. A WiFi throughput of 12.8Mbps was measured which results in a transmission time of 5 ms for 512 kb of data. The embedded system consumes about 200 mAh when wireless off and 400 mAh when it is on. The system exhibits a reliable performance to record EEG signals and transmit them wirelessly. Besides the microcontroller-based architectures, the proposed platform demonstrates that powerful ARM processors running embedded operating systems can be programmed with real-time constrains at the kernel level in order to control hardware, while maintaining their parallel processing abilities in high level software applications.

Sistema de medição dos deslocamentos da rótula para disgnóstico

Existem várias patologias associadas à luxação da rótula, causadas pelo seu movimento anormal. Geralmente congénita, esta condição provoca dor, dano à cartilagem, artrite e por vezes necessita de cirurgia. As medições do movimento são feitas com recurso a equipamentos de alto custo, ou através do método clínico, que apenas os médicos mais experientes usam com fiabilidade, sendo sempre subjectivo. Actualmente não existe qualquer sistema comercial para a medição não invasiva de baixo custo dos movimentos da rótula. De modo a responder a esta necessidade, este trabalho tem como objectivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema de baixo custo para medição digital do deslocamento da rótula em diferentes ângulos entre o fémur e a tíbia. Como conceito de partida foi idealizado utilizar um sensor de movimento em seis dimensões, fixo de uma forma não invasiva sobre a rótula. O dispositivo tem como requisitos iniciais ser reutilizável e de baixo custo. Criou-se um Design Brief para identificar o contexto e necessidades específicas para este trabalho e traçar objectivos utilizando metodologias de desenvolvimento de produto. Foram desenvolvidos conceitos para um dispositivo de suporte do sensor de movimento 6D, dos quais alguns foram seleccionados para prototipagem e teste, explorando vários processos de manufactura na perseguição dos objectivos propostos. Foram estabelecidas métricas para monitorização contínua da evolução dos conceitos e selecção do conceito final, que foi sujeito a uma série de testes de validação. A validação do sensor e do dispositivo foi feita com testes de usabilidade, com a aferição por um robot programável e com medições in vivo em 20 joelhos sem patologia. Apesar da alta precisão do sensor, não foi possível obter medições que possam reproduzir com fiabilidade o movimento da rótula nos sujeitos observados. A pele foi o factor que mais influenciou as medições, provocando o deslocamento do dispositivo em relação à rótula e desta forma alterou significativamente os resultados. Assim, recomenda-se a continuação da investigação com o intuito de melhor quantificar o movimento da rótula e fornecer informação para melhorar a fiabilidade da utilização de dispositivos de medição em seis dimensões.

Direct communication versus virtual communication in virtual teams

Several studies suggest that computer-mediated communication can lead to decreases in group effectiveness and reduce satisfaction levels in terms of trust and comfort of its users. Supported by an experiment, where the emotional or affective aspects of communication were tested with the experimentation of two architectures, Direct Communication Architecture (DCA) and the Virtual Communication Architecture (VCA) this paper validates the thesis that, from the users’ perspective, there is no opposition to the acceptance of virtual environments and interfaces for communication, and that these environments are able to cope with the reconfiguration dynamics requirements of virtual teams or client-server relations in a virtual enterprise operation.