«Corruption» and social and economic criminal law: criminology, criminal policy, political science and law&economics - a new idea about criminal liability of legal entities

Abstract: If we think there is a significant number of legal offshore in the globalized world, then there is not even a global consensus about what «corruption» is. The «illegal corruption» in a country may be legal in another. Moreover, the great global corruption is above the law or above democratic States. And not all democratic States are «Rule of Law». Therefore, the solution is global earlier in time and space law, democratic, free and true law. While the human being does not reach a consensus of what «corruption» really is, the discussion will not go further than a caricature. One of the other problems about «corruption» is that it is very difficult to establish the imputation of crimes, including «corruption» (v.g. Portugal) on some «companies», corporations. We have a juridical problem in the composition of the art. 11. of the Portuguese Penal Code.

Legalidade do Júri do Doutoramento

Qualquer coincidência com a realidade é pura coincidência, ciência. Chegou-nos aos ouvidos por voz credível que haveria quem no Minho defendesse, e passamos a citar, qualquer coisa como: os professores dos institutos politécnicos e os professores de universidades de baixa reputação não deverão fazer parte de júris para provas de doutoramento em determinada Universidade…. Se isto é verdade – além da difamação que pode gerar responsabilidade judicial e civil para os seus autores (quem te avisa, teu amigo é!) -, salvo o devido respeito e amizade, é violador da legislação que, no Estado de Direito, regula a constituição de júris para provas de doutoramento. Se dúvidas existirem, veja-se o art. 34º do DL nº 115/2013, de 7/8 § Any coincidence with reality is purely coincidental, science. We reached our ears by credible voice that there would be anyone in the Minho defend, and we quote, something like: teachers of polytechnics and teachers of low-reputation universities should not be part of juries for PhD exams in certain University .... If this is true - in addition to the defamation that can generate judicial and civil liability for their authors (who warns you, your friend is!) - Unless due respect and friendship, is in breach of legislation, the rule of law, regulates the constitution of juries for doctoral exams. If doubts exist, see art. 34 of DL No. 115/2013, 7/8.