Integrating environmental and economic life cycle analysis in product development: a material selection case study

Purpose Achieving sustainability by rethinking products, services and strategies is an enormous challenge currently laid upon the economic sector, in which materials selection plays a critical role. In this context, the present work describes an environmental and economic life cycle analysis of a structural product, comparing two possible material alternatives. The product chosen is a storage tank, presently manufactured in stainless steel (SST) or in a glass fibre reinforced polymer composite (CST). The overall goal of the study is to identify environmental and economic strong and weak points related to the life cycle of the two material alternatives. The consequential win-win or trade-off situations will be identified via a Life Cycle Assessment/Life Cycle Costing (LCA/LCC) integrated model. Methods The LCA/LCC integrated model used consists in applying the LCA methodology to the product system, incorporating, in parallel, its results into the LCC study, namely those of the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). Results In both the SST and CST systems the most significant life cycle phase is the raw materials production, in which the most significant environmental burdens correspond to the Fossil fuels and Respiratory inorganics categories. The LCA/LCC integrated analysis shows that the CST has globally a preferable environmental and economic profile, as its impacts are lower than those of the SST in all life cycle stages. Both the internal and external costs are lower, the former resulting mainly from the composite material being significantly less expensive than stainless steel. This therefore represents a full win-win situation. As a consequence, the study clearly indicates that using a thermoset composite material to manufacture storage tanks is environmentally and economically desirable. However, it was also evident that the environmental performance of the CST could be improved by altering its End-of-Life stage. Conclusions The results of the present work provide enlightening insights into the synergies between the environmental and the economic performance of a structural product made with alternative materials. Further, they provide conclusive evidence to support the integration of environmental and economic life cycle analysis in the product development processes of a manufacturing company, or in some cases even in its procurement practices.

Uso e utilidade da contabilidade de custos para a gestão autárquica

Nos últimos 30 anos as organizações públicas em geral, e os municípios em particular, têm sido fortemente pressionados no sentido de reduzirem a despesa pública e aumentarem a qualidade dos serviços prestados à comunidade. O alcance deste trade-off exigia um novo modelo de gestão pública assente em informação sobre o desempenho alcançado. Neste contexto de mudança a contabilidade de custos e de gestão surge para satisfazer as necessidades de informação dos gestores públicos ao produzir informação útil ao processo de decisão e, consequentemente, à melhoria do desempenho organizacional. Tendo por base a importância da informação de custos para a melhoria da gestão autárquica, pretende-se com este artigo estudar o uso e a utilidade da informação de custos para a gestão autárquica. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a todos os municípios portugueses. Os resultados mostram que o uso da informação de custos, a nível interno e externo, é ainda reduzido, o que reforça as nossas expectativas em relação à maior primazia que tem sido dada à informação patrimonial e orçamental, em detrimento da informação de custos. Por outro lado, os respondentes consideram que esta informação é extremamente útil para a gestão autárquica, reforçando assim o seu papel para a melhoria do desempenho organizacional.