Osteoblast, fibroblast and in vivo biological response to poly(vinylidene fluoride) based composite materials

Electroactivematerials can be taken to advantage for the development of sensors and actuators as well as for novel tissue engineering strategies. Composites based on poly(vinylidenefluoride),PVDF,have been evaluated with respect to their biological response. Cell viability and proliferation were performed in vitro both with Mesenchymal Stem Cells differentiated to osteoblasts and Human Fibroblast Foreskin 1. In vivo tests were also performed using 6-week-old C57Bl/6 mice. It was concluded that zeolite and clay composites are biocompatible materials promoting cell response and not showing in vivo pro-inflammatory effects which renders both of them attractive for biological applications and tissue engineering, opening interesting perspectives to development of scaffolds from these composites. Ferrite and silver nanoparticle composites decrease osteoblast cell viability and carbon nanotubes decrease fibroblast viability. Further, carbon nanotube composites result in a significant increase in local vascularization accompanied an increase of inflammatory markers after implantation.

Multi-scale modeling of the mechanical behavior of polymer-based materials

Polymers have become the reference material for high reliability and performance applications. In this work, a multi-scale approach is proposed to investigate the mechanical properties of polymeric based material under strain. To achieve a better understanding of phenomena occurring at the smaller scales, a coupling of a Finite Element Method (FEM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) modeling in an iterative procedure was employed, enabling the prediction of the macroscopic constitutive response. As the mechanical response can be related to the local microstructure, which in turn depends on the nano-scale structure, the previous described multi-scale method computes the stress-strain relationship at every analysis point of the macro-structure by detailed modeling of the underlying micro- and meso-scale deformation phenomena. The proposed multi-scale approach can enable prediction of properties at the macroscale while taking into consideration phenomena that occur at the mesoscale, thus offering an increased potential accuracy compared to traditional methods.

O diálogo entre o livro e a criança. Objeto interativo de leitura verbal e visual, exploração e manipulação gráfica e plástica

O uso da imagem, no livro ilustrado, está associado às idades em que a criança ainda não tem domínio da escrita sendo a descodificação e a exploração das imagens as primeiras competências a serem adquiridas. À medida que a criança se familiariza com a leitura verbal e com o desenvolvimento desta competência, a imagem é gradualmente retirada do livro. No âmbito do projeto prático integrado no Mestrado em Ilustração e Animação foi criado um livro para a infância com atividades onde o leitor intervenha tornando-se também autor, concluindo-o e produzindo um objeto único. Propusemo-nos, ainda, apresentar o livro ilustrado e as atividades/ experiências visuais como instrumentos que ajudam a criança a crescer sem frustrações, onde descobrem e desenvolvem capacidades estéticas, emocionais e intelectuais. Dentro do livro ilustrado pretendemos estudar os livros interativos que exploram as duas linguagens, criando uma narrativa plástica e que permitem explorar a tridimensionalidade e o brincar ao faz de conta. Estes são produtos de experiências visuais e tácteis, repletos de estímulos para que a criança seja capaz de explorar e comunicar verbalmente e visualmente, articulando muitas vezes entre o bidimensional com o tridimensional, a regra com o acaso e a forma com a “não forma”, permitindo uma apreciação máxima do objeto.

Predicting the mechanical behavior of amorphous polymeric materials under strain through multi-scale simulation

Polymeric materials have become the reference material for high reliability and performance applications. However, their performance in service conditions is difficult to predict, due in large part to their inherent complex morphology, which leads to non-linear and anisotropic behavior, highly dependent on the thermomechanical environment under which it is processed. In this work, a multiscale approach is proposed to investigate the mechanical properties of polymeric-based material under strain. To achieve a better understanding of phenomena occurring at the smaller scales, the coupling of a finite element method (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling, in an iterative procedure, was employed, enabling the prediction of the macroscopic constitutive response. As the mechanical response can be related to the local microstructure, which in turn depends on the nano-scale structure, this multiscale approach computes the stress-strain relationship at every analysis point of the macro-structure by detailed modeling of the underlying micro- and meso-scale deformation phenomena. The proposed multiscale approach can enable prediction of properties at the macroscale while taking into consideration phenomena that occur at the mesoscale, thus offering an increased potential accuracy compared to traditional methods.

Greguerías - da metáfora literária à metáfora visual

A presente investigação visa a passagem da metáfora literária para a metáfora visual, através do resultado de um trabalho de ilustração, tendo como ponto de partida, as Greguerías de Ramón Gómez de la Serna (1888 - 1963). Reflectindo sobre a interpretação da metáfora, o objectivo passa por criar uma nova selecção de Greguerías ilustradas que também estabeleçam novas metáforas visuais, a partir da sua interacção com a palavra. Mas uma vez independentes, cada ilustração ou cada conjunto de ilustrações, resultem num trabalho de conjunto, enquanto série, como processo criativo e inserido no panorama artístico da ilustração de autor.