O Papel do Agente de Execução na Fase da Penhora-Determinação dos Bens a Penhorar

A penhora é, no contexto actual de crise económica, uma realidade frequente, sendo o ato executivo por excelência no âmbito das execuções para o pagamento de quantia certa, que consiste na apreensão de bens, num desapossamento de bens do devedor, com vista á satisfação do credito adequando. Previamente á realização á realização deste ato processual, terão de ser determinados os bens que do mesmo serão objecto, devendo ser consideradas as limitações legais e, eventualmente, convencionais. Os poderes de indicação dos bens a penhorar sofreram alterações desde o Código de Processo Civil de 1939 ate ao actualmente em vigor, que tem a redacção do DL nº 226/2008, de 20 de novembro, tendo sido atribuído ao Agente de Execução, com a reforma de 2003, o poder de determinar os bens a penhorar.O objectivo principal desta dissertação é, precisamente determinar qual o papel do Agente de Execução na fase da penhora, em especial na determinação dos bens a penhorar, com analise de todos os aspectos relacionados, e aferir a interpretação e aplicação do regime em vigor por aqueles que lidam diariamente com os processos executivos. Para o efeito, alem da analise teórica da matéria, foi realizado um estudo empírico, mediante a aplicação e tratamento de um inquérito por questionário ministrado a todos os Agentes de Execução a exercer funções nas comarcas abrangidas pelo Conselho Regional do Norte da Câmara dos Solicitadores. Genericamente, no presente estudo, concluímos que apesar da atribuição ao Agente de Execução do poder de determinar quais os bens que ira penhorar, esse poder esta vinculado, designadamente por critérios e imperativos legais. E o Agente de Execução deve, ainda, ter em consideração a vontade manifestada pelo exequente, o que, como resulta do estudo empírico realizado, é, na pratica, frequente. Paralelamente e de forma a garantir a legalidade da penhora determinada pelo gente de Execução, ao juiz de execução é atribuída competência para controlada este seu poder.

"Proposta de um modelo de Contabilidade para o Agente de Execução - Um contributo para a transparência da conta-cliente"

Passados quase dez anos de prática de atos correspondentes ao exercício profissional no âmbito da Agencia de Execução, pode-se com alguma legitimidade concluir acerca da grande responsabilidade em que se move o agente de execução. Atendendo a que este profissional se movimenta nos limites do direito fundamental à propriedade dos executados e dos exequentes, em constante e próximo relação com o Juiz do Tribunal, como legítimo e importante operador da justiça, levanta-se todos os dias a necessidade de definir como é que se há de demonstrar de forma rigorosa o registo fiável dos principais movimentos contabilísticos para explicar com clareza e transparência a conta-cliente. A conta-cliente é um espaço da total responsabilidade do agente de execução e é relativamente à qual ele tem de responder em caso de violação dos seus deveres deontológicos e contratuais. A indefinição que resulta da ausência de legislação e regulamentação eficaz ao nível da fiscalidade e do regime de prestação de contas da atividade do agente de execução coloca graves questões de segurança jurídica e de transparência. Por sua vez a Comissão para Eficácia de Execuções deve proceder à fiscalização prévia da atividade do agente de execução, e esta tarefa está irremediavelmente hipotecada enquanto não houver um modelo contabilístico que permita de imediato dar a conhecer todos os seus movimentos da conta-cliente de forma a dar um plano real dos processos/ações executivas/clientes e as fases em que os mesmos estão. Procurar este relatório imediato como uma fotografia em tempo real da situação dos processos em mãos e do volume de negócio do escritório foi motivação suficiente para encontrar uma solução para este problema, que em rigor é um problema que o legislador deixou em aberto, porque não resolveu a questão do que entende por “dispor de contabilidade organizada obrigatória” deixando que o profissional das ações executivas preenchesse essa lacuna no dia-a-dia, através de uma gestão doméstica da sua atividade.

Proposta de um modelo de contabilidade para o agente de execução: um contributo para a transparência da conta-cliente

Passados quase dez anos de prática de atos correspondentes ao exercício profissional no âmbito da Agencia de Execução, pode-se com alguma legitimidade concluir acerca da grande responsabilidade em que se move o agente de execução. Atendendo a que este profissional se movimenta nos limites do direito fundamental à propriedade dos executados e dos exequentes, em constante e próximo relação com o Juiz do Tribunal, como legítimo e importante operador da justiça, levanta-se todos os dias a necessidade de definir como é que se há de demonstrar de forma rigorosa o registo fiável dos principais movimentos contabilísticos para explicar com clareza e transparência a conta-cliente. A conta-cliente é um espaço da total responsabilidade do agente de execução e é relativamente à qual ele tem de responder em caso de violação dos seus deveres deontológicos e contratuais. A indefinição que resulta da ausência de legislação e regulamentação eficaz ao nível da fiscalidade e do regime de prestação de contas da atividade do agente de execução coloca graves questões de segurança jurídica e de transparência. Por sua vez a Comissão para Eficácia de Execuções deve proceder à fiscalização prévia da atividade do agente de execução, e esta tarefa está irremediavelmente hipotecada enquanto não houver um modelo contabilístico que permita de imediato dar a conhecer todos os seus movimentos da conta-cliente de forma a dar um plano real dos processos/ações executivas/clientes e as fases em que os mesmos estão. Procurar este relatório imediato como uma fotografia em tempo real da situação dos processos em mãos e do volume de negócio do escritório foi motivação suficiente para encontrar uma solução para este problema, que em rigor é um problema que o legislador deixou em aberto, porque não resolveu a questão do que entende por “dispor de contabilidade organizada obrigatória” deixando que o profissional das ações executivas preenchesse essa lacuna no dia-a-dia, através de uma gestão doméstica da sua atividade.

Information and Technology Implementation Issues in AAL Solutions

With the population ageing effect, the technological developments, and pressure to reduce the cost with healthcare, are reunited the conditions for the development of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions. This work is a revision of the current state of the art. Its aim is the characterization of the AAL solutions, within the AAL4ALL scope. Therefore, it is presented features, scenarios and projects, referring the limitations and the opportunities for the future developments of prototypes using high level information and technology in AAL environments. Moreover, it is presented guidelines of operation, exposing the conceptual approach, and the discussion and conclusion, which present recommendations and current AAL4ALL project positions in terms of concepts and technologies.

Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of vapor grown carbon nanofiber/epoxy composites with different filler dispersion levels

The influence of the dispersion of vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) on the electrical properties of VGCNF/epoxy composites has been studied. A homogeneous dispersion of the VGCNF does not imply better electrical properties. The presence of well distributed clusters appears to be a key factor for increasing composite conductivity. It is also shown that the main conduction mechanism has an ionic nature for concentrations below the percolation threshold, while above the percolation threshold it is dominated by hopping between the fillers. Finally, using the granular system theory it is possible to explain the origin of conduction at low temperatures.

Towards the design of efficient nonbeacon-enabled ZigBee networks

This paper presents experimental results of the communication performance evaluation of a prototype ZigBee-based patient monitoring system commissioned in an in-patient floor of a Portuguese hospital (HPG – Hospital Privado de Guimar~aes). Besides, it revisits relevant problems that affect the performance of nonbeacon-enabled ZigBee networks. Initially, the presence of hidden-nodes and the impact of sensor node mobility are discussed. It was observed, for instance, that the message delivery ratio in a star network consisting of six wireless electrocardiogram sensor devices may decrease from 100% when no hidden-nodes are present to 83.96% when half of the sensor devices are unable to detect the transmissions made by the other half. An additional aspect which affects the communication reliability is a deadlock condition that can occur if routers are unable to process incoming packets during the backoff part of the CSMA-CA mechanism. A simple approach to increase the message delivery ratio in this case is proposed and its effectiveness is verified. The discussion and results presented in this paper aim to contribute to the design of efficient networks,and are valid to other scenarios and environments rather than hospitals.

The role of disorder on the AC and DC electrical conductivity of vapour grown carbon nanofibre/epoxy composites

Four dispersion methods were used for the preparation of vapour grown carbon nanofibre (VGCNF)/epoxy composites. It is shown that each method induces certain levels of VGCNF dispersion and distribution within the matrix, and that these have a strong influence on the composite electrical properties. A homogenous VGCNF dispersion does not necessarily imply higher electrical conductivity. In fact, it is concluded that the presence of well distributed clusters, rather than a fine dispersion, is more important for achieving larger conductivities for a given VGCNF concentration. It is also found that the conductivity can be described by a weak disorder regime.

Reducing fuel consumption through modular vehicle architectures

By identifying energy waste streams in vehicles fuel consumption and introducing the concept of lean driving systems, a technological gap for reducing fuel consumption was identified. This paper proposes a solution to overcome this gap, through a modular vehicle architecture aligned with driving patterns. It does not address detailed technological solutions; instead it models the potential effects in fuel consumption through a modular concept of a vehicle and quantifies their dependence on vehicle design parameters (manifesting as the vehicle mass) and user behavior parameters (driving patterns manifesting as the use of a modular car in lighter and heavier mode, in urban and highway cycles). Modularity has been functionally applied in automotive industry as manufacture and assembly management strategies; here it is thought as a product development strategy for flexibility in use, driven by environmental concerns and enabled by social behaviors. The authors argue this concept is a step forward in combining technological solutions and social behavior, of which eco-driving is a vivid example, and potentially evolutionary to a lean, more sustainable, driving culture.

Modeling Carbon Nanotube Electrical Properties in CNT/Polymer Composites

In this work it is demonstrated that the capacitance between two cylinders increases with the rotation angle and it has a fundamental influence on the composite dielectric constant. The dielectric constant is lower for nematic materials than for isotropic ones and this can be attributed to the effect of the filler alignment in the capacitance. The effect of aspect ratio in the conductivity is also studied in this work. Finally, based on previous work and by comparing to results from the literature it is found that the electrical conductivity in this type of composites is due to hopping between nearest fillers resulting in a weak disorder regime that is similar to the single junction expression.

Mechanical Behavior of the Lamellar Structure in Semi-Crystalline Polymers

We have employed molecular dynamics simulations to study the behavior of virtual polymeric materials under an applied uniaxial tensile load. Through computer simulations, one can obtain experimentally inaccessible information about phenomena taking place at the molecular and microscopic levels. Not only can the global material response be monitored and characterized along time, but the response of macromolecular chains can be followed independently if desired. The computer-generated materials were created by emulating the step-wise polymerization, resulting in self-avoiding chains in 3D with controlled degree of orientation along a certain axis. These materials represent a simplified model of the lamellar structure of semi-crystalline polymers,being comprised of an amorphous region surrounded by two crystalline lamellar regions. For the simulations, a series of materials were created, varying i) the lamella thickness, ii) the amorphous region thickness, iii) the preferential chain orientation, and iv) the degree of packing of the amorphous region. Simulation results indicate that the lamella thickness has the strongest influence on the mechanical properties of the lamella-amorphous structure, which is in agreement with experimental data. The other morphological parameters also affect the mechanical response, but to a smaller degree. This research follows previous simulation work on the crack formation and propagation phenomena, deformation mechanisms at the nanoscale, and the influence of the loading conditions on the material response. Computer simulations can improve the fundamental understanding about the phenomena responsible for the behavior of polymeric materials, and will eventually lead to the design of knowledge-based materials with improved properties.

Modelling the Mechanical Behavior of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites with varying nanofiber network parameters. The study was focused on nanofiber aspect ratio, concentration and initial orientation. The reinforcing phase affects the behavior of the polymeric nanocomposite. Simulations have shown that the fiber concentration has a significant effect on the properties, with higher loadings resulting in higher stress levels and higher stiffness, matching the general behavior from experimental knowledge in this field. The results also indicate that, within the studied range, the observed effect of the aspect ratio and initial orientation is smaller than that of the concentration, and that these two parameters are interrelated.

An e-marketplace of healthcare and social care services: the perceived interest

The health and social care sector is receiving growing attention for the last years, due to the increased life expectancy, the public demand for a better quality of life and for better health services. These requirements can be met with more cost-efficient approaches and using new technology-based solutions for providing services. The paper presents and discusses some of the main results of a study undertaken in Guimarães, a Municipality at the North of Portugal, on the perceived relevance of an e-Marketplace of social and healthcare services for the inhabitants in general, and in particular for people with special needs; the study also included the identification of the most relevant services to be offered by this platform and allowed concluding that such an e-Marketplace is of recognized relevance and that it is expected a good adhesion from the population.

REENGINEERING THE CONCEPT OF URBAN CARS: A CASE STUDY

Based on a previously developed mathematical model for fuel consumption of a modular car, here we discuss the cross impacts of engineering scenarios vs. flexibility in use for modular vehicle architectures to achieve the reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the European Union, in 2009. A systems perspective is adopted in conceptualizing a modular architecture of vehicles. From a theoretical viewpoint, we found modular architecture of vehicles a potential design strategy to minimize fuel inefficiencies and, thus, a strategy for design for environment.

A practical framework for the generation and selection of strategic plans of action, The relevance of timeframe considerations and a systems thinking approach

The paper proposes a methodology especially focused on the generation of strategic plans of action, emphasizing the relevance of having a structured timeframe classification for the actions. The methodology explicitly recognizes the relevance of long-term goals as strategic drivers, which must insure that the complex system is capable to effectively respond to changes in the environment. In addition, the methodology employs engineering systems techniques in order to understand the inner working of the system and to build up alternative plans of action. Due to these different aspects, the proposed approach features higher flexibility compared to traditional methods. The validity and effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated by analyzing an airline company composed by 5 subsystems with the aim of defining a plan of action for the next 5 years, which can either: improve efficiency, redefine mission or increase revenues.

Needs and Opportunities in Ambient Assisted Living in Portugal

The exponential raise in the age dependency rate together with the difficulties in having conventional care solutions opens the space for the appearance and development of innovative Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions.However, the development of these solutions requires a thorough understanding of user needs and wills. In this paper we present the scenarios being adopted in the context of AAL projects, as well as the products and services current available in each of the considered utilization scenarios. The needs of the Portuguese AAL users are analyzed through the discussion of some preliminary results from a survey targeted at the Portuguese population over 55 years old. These results will be used to characterize the needs and establish the readiness and willingness of elder Portuguese population in using AAL solutions.