Prototyping Behavioural Specifications in the.NET framework

Over the last decade, software architecture emerged as a critical design step in Software Engineering. This encompassed a shift from traditional programming towards the deployment and assembly of independent components. The specification of the overall system structure, on the one hand, and of the interactions patterns between its components, on the other, became a major concern for the working developer. Although a number of formalisms to express behaviour and supply the indispensable calculational power to reason about designs, are available, the task of deriving architectural designs on top of popular component platforms has remained largely informal. This paper introduces a systematic approach to derive, from behavioural specifications written in Ccs, the corresponding architectural skeletons in the Microsoft .Net framework in the form of executable C] code. Such prototyping process is automated by means of a specific tool developed in Haskell

Analysis of computing open source systems

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are critical components of today's open source software. Given their increased relevance, the correctness and usability of GUIs are becoming essential. This paper describes the latest results in the development of our tool to reverse engineer the GUI layer of interactive computing open source systems. We use static analysis techniques to generate models of the user interface behavior from source code. Models help in graphical user interface inspection by allowing designers to concentrate on its more important aspects. One particular type of model that the tool is able to generate is state machines. The paper shows how graph theory can be useful when applied to these models. A number of metrics and algorithms are used in the analysis of aspects of the user interface's quality. The ultimate goal of the tool is to enable analysis of interactive system through GUIs source code inspection.

Contributo do design nos dispositivos de intervenção cirúrgica

Hoje em dia a técnica de cirurgia laparoscópica é bastante comum no tratamento de várias doenças ao nível do abdómen. Um ponto forte em relação a outras técnicas cirúrgicas é a rápida recuperação do paciente após a cirurgia, como também o fato de as marcas provocadas pela cirurgia serem bastante mais discretas. Sendo assim, é de elevada importância que esta técnica evolua e seja aperfeiçoada para que o erro humano seja minimizado e o tratamento dos pacientes melhorado. As dificuldades encontradas na realização destas cirurgias são causa direta dos tipos de instrumentos utilizados, sendo a interação com os aparelhos um fator importante para que a intervenção cirúrgica seja realizada com sucesso. Como tal, devido a natureza ergonómica dos instrumentos, os cirurgiões sentem dificuldades na execução das suas tarefas ao longo da cirurgia, acusando dores musculares nas mãos e nos braços. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo melhorar este tipo de cirurgia através do design aliado à ergonomia de aparelhos manuais, tendo as formas e funções dos instrumentos existentes como base de estudo para a criação de um aparelho mais ergonómico e eficaz. Também a existência de tecnologias capazes de reproduzir os conceitos criados pelo designer são uma mais valia para a criação das formas desenvolvidas. Desta forma, ao longo do desenvolvimento do produto são tidas em conta questões de ergonomia, mas também a higiene é considerada de relativa importância devido a facilidade de transmissão de doenças através do toque, sendo assim pertinente ter em consideração os pré requisitos necessários para a criação de um aparelho de natureza cirúrgica. O protótipo criado possui um componente eletromecânico já desenvolvido para este tipo de intervenção cirúrgica, desta forma o desenvolvimento da carcaça tem a forma do corpo eletromecânico como base para a criação da melhor ergonomia possível. Esta segue um conceito minimalista e orgânico, procurando adaptar-se à mão do utilizador com o intuito de proporcionar um melhor manuseio do aparelho e através das interfaces conferir uma utilização intuitiva, mais eficaz e menos demorada.

Contributo do design nos dispositivos de intervenção cirúrgica

Hoje em dia a técnica de cirurgia laparoscópica é bastante comum no tratamento de várias doenças ao nível do abdómen. Um ponto forte em relação a outras técnicas cirúrgicas é a rápida recuperação do paciente após a cirurgia, como também o fato de as marcas provocadas pela cirurgia serem bastante mais discretas. Sendo assim, é de elevada importância que esta técnica evolua e seja aperfeiçoada para que o erro humano seja minimizado e o tratamento dos pacientes melhorado. As dificuldades encontradas na realização destas cirurgias são causa direta dos tipos de instrumentos utilizados, sendo a interação com os aparelhos um fator importante para que a intervenção cirúrgica seja realizada com sucesso. Como tal, devido a natureza ergonómica dos instrumentos, os cirurgiões sentem dificuldades na execução das suas tarefas ao longo da cirurgia, acusando dores musculares nas mãos e nos braços. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo melhorar este tipo de cirurgia através do design aliado à ergonomia de aparelhos manuais, tendo as formas e funções dos instrumentos existentes como base de estudo para a criação de um aparelho mais ergonómico e eficaz. Também a existência de tecnologias capazes de reproduzir os conceitos criados pelo designer são uma mais valia para a criação das formas desenvolvidas. Desta forma, ao longo do desenvolvimento do produto são tidas em conta questões de ergonomia, mas também a higiene é considerada de relativa importância devido a facilidade de transmissão de doenças através do toque, sendo assim pertinente ter em consideração os pré requisitos necessários para a criação de um aparelho de natureza cirúrgica. O protótipo criado possui um componente eletromecânico já desenvolvido para este tipo de intervenção cirúrgica, desta forma o desenvolvimento da carcaça tem a forma do corpo eletromecânico como base para a criação da melhor ergonomia possível. Esta segue um conceito minimalista e orgânico, procurando adaptar-se à mão do utilizador com o intuito de proporcionar um melhor manuseio do aparelho e através das interfaces conferir uma utilização intuitiva, mais eficaz e menos demorada.

A Caregiver Support Platform within the Scope of an Ambient Assisted Living Ecosystem

The Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) area is in constant evolution, providing new technologies to users and enhancing the level of security and comfort that is ensured by house platforms. The Ambient Assisted Living for All (AAL4ALL) project aims to develop a new AAL concept, supported on a unified ecosystem and certification process that enables a heterogeneous environment. The concepts of Intelligent Environments, Ambient Intelligence, and the foundations of the Ambient Assisted Living are all presented in the framework of this project. In this work, we consider a specific platform developed in the scope of AAL4ALL, called UserAccess. The architecture of the platform and its role within the overall AAL4ALL concept, the implementation of the platform, and the available interfaces are presented. In addition, its feasibility is validated through a series of tests.

Direct communication versus virtual communication in virtual teams

Several studies suggest that computer-mediated communication can lead to decreases in group effectiveness and reduce satisfaction levels in terms of trust and comfort of its users. Supported by an experiment, where the emotional or affective aspects of communication were tested with the experimentation of two architectures, Direct Communication Architecture (DCA) and the Virtual Communication Architecture (VCA) this paper validates the thesis that, from the users’ perspective, there is no opposition to the acceptance of virtual environments and interfaces for communication, and that these environments are able to cope with the reconfiguration dynamics requirements of virtual teams or client-server relations in a virtual enterprise operation.

Application to quantify fetal lung branching on rat explant

Recently, regulating mechanisms of branching morphogenesis of fetal lung rat explants have been an essential tool for molecular research. The development of accurate and reliable segmentation techniques may be essential to improve research outcomes. This work presents an image processing method to measure the perimeter and area of lung branches on fetal rat explants. The algorithm starts by reducing the noise corrupting the image with a pre-processing stage. The outcome is input to a watershed operation that automatically segments the image into primitive regions. Then, an image pixel is selected within the lung explant epithelial, allowing a region growing between neighbouring watershed regions. This growing process is controlled by a statistical distribution of each region. When compared with manual segmentation, the results show the same tendency for lung development. High similarities were harder to obtain in the last two days of culture, due to the increased number of peripheral airway buds and complexity of lung architecture. However, using semiautomatic measurements, the standard deviation was lower and the results between independent researchers were more coherent.

Application of Gage R&R methodology for improving the training and evaluation of automatic optical inspection machine operators

The current level of demand by customers in the electronics industry requires the production of parts with an extremely high level of reliability and quality to ensure complete confidence on the end customer. Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) machines have an important role in the monitoring and detection of errors during the manufacturing process for printed circuit boards. These machines present images of products with probable assembly mistakes to an operator and him decide whether the product has a real defect or if in turn this was an automated false detection. Operator training is an important aspect for obtaining a lower rate of evaluation failure by the operator and consequently a lower rate of actual defects that slip through to the following processes. The Gage R&R methodology for attributes is part of a Six Sigma strategy to examine the repeatability and reproducibility of an evaluation system, thus giving important feedback on the suitability of each operator in classifying defects. This methodology was already applied in several industry sectors and services at different processes, with excellent results in the evaluation of subjective parameters. An application for training operators of AOI machines was developed, in order to be able to check their fitness and improve future evaluation performance. This application will provide a better understanding of the specific training needs for each operator, and also to accompany the evolution of the training program for new components which in turn present additional new difficulties for the operator evaluation. The use of this application will contribute to reduce the number of defects misclassified by the operators that are passed on to the following steps in the productive process. This defect reduction will also contribute to the continuous improvement of the operator evaluation performance, which is seen as a quality management goal.

Towards a Catalog of Usability Smells

This paper presents a catalog of smells in the context of interactive applications. These so-called usability smells are indicators of poor design on an application’s user interface, with the potential to hinder not only its usability but also its maintenance and evolution. To eliminate such usability smells we discuss a set of program/usability refactorings. In order to validate the presented usability smells catalog, and the associated refactorings, we present a preliminary empirical study with software developers in the context of a real open source hospital management application. Moreover, a tool that computes graphical user interface behavior models, giving the applications’ source code, is used to automatically detect usability smells at the model level.