Experiência religiosa e experiência estética em artistas plásticos : perspectivas da psicologia da religião

Pode a experiência religiosa ser substituída pela experiência estética? Os estudiosos se dividem na resposta. Situando a pergunta no quadro de referência conceitual e epistemológico que distingue entre religião substantiva e religião funcional, levantamos a hipótese de que não há substituição substantiva, mas pode haver substituição funcional entre essas experiências. Levantamos a hipótese ulterior de que a experiência estética pode ser uma experiência do sagrado. As hipóteses foram examinadas com os dados obtidos em entrevistas com oito renomados artistas plásticos, por ocasião da 23ª Bienal de São Paulo, em 1996. Os dados revelaram diferenças, continuidades e analogias entre arte e religião assim como entre arte e sagrado, que permitiram reconhecer em alguns casos substituição funcional da religião pela arte, principalmente se dotada da densidade do sagrado.

Educação infantil em jornada de tempo integral : dilemas e perspectivas

Vania Carvalho de Araújo (Org.)

Cidade-paisagem : novas perspectivas sobre a preservação da paisagem urbana no Brasil

The edification of the landscape in the scientific and social field, in speech as in the method, is taken in this study as a complex process, from which were developed relationships of dominance on the perception of space, which persist strongly consolidated, since the genesis of the conceptual practice till its actual praxis. Historically, the landscape studies took place slowly, immersed in many questions, in face of the multiplicity of meanings that the concept offers. In the psyche, the notion of landscape is present since a long time ago, as an unconscious human being practice, even before any ideological hypothesis formulation. However its materialization in the social conscious will come only from painting, and specially with the perspective, through the technicity of the view, at first wandering the infinity, now ordained in a frame‟. Since then, the landscape is perceived according to the order of the view, as the equivalent of nature and beauty, assuming at the same time, an important symbolic value, since it is linked to mnemonic and subjective processes that the being build with the territory. The domain on this space-cognitive experience, characteristic of the contemporary, consolidates in the social imaginary, building consensus on the landscape, whose aesthetic references make a cultural appeal, very pertinent to the actual capitalist dynamics of production the space worldwide, mainly of the spectacle and commodification of cities promoted by the city marketing. In Brazil, this consensual ideology of the landscape surpass the social imaginary and also dominates the political imaginary, whereas the main instrument for preserving the landscape, Decree-law 25, from November 30, 1937, and its limit to those of exceptional value or remarkable feature. The analysis of the processes for putting under governmental trust for inscription of goods by the landscape value, reveals the dominant, if not exclusive, adoption of selection criteria related to aesthetic aspects. Abstain, therefore, from what the nation considers patrimony , other landscapes that, besides not having, at first, remarkable aesthetic value, play a crucial role as an inheritance from ancestor relations between man and space and pre- existing condition for the same present and future relations. From this historical background, the research seeks to transfer into contemporaneity, the ideological analysis of the concept and its relation with the building of the landscape in the collective imaginary, in order to recognize, in current practices to landscape preservation, as much this genesis, rooted in aesthetics, remains strongly consolidated, feeding the current dynamics of consumption and commodification of the city. Therefore, as preliminary conclusion, one can state that the identification of landscapes of different value, especially aesthetic, maintains and intensify the treatment of the city as an object, a standard‟ commodity to be sold / traded on the world market, in detriment of its recognition as a dynamic process that, even though inserted in the global context, develops specificifities and peculiarities, inherent to the production of space, as Lefebvre preconizes, that is, to the production of life, social product , as characteristic, dissent generator