Effect of repeated torque/mechanical loading cycles on two different abutment types in implants with internal tapered connections: an in vitro study

Internal tapered connections were developed to improve biomechanical properties and to reduce mechanical problems found in other implant connection systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical loading and repeated insertion/removal cycles on the torque loss of abutments with internal tapered connections. Sixty-eight conical implants and 68 abutments of two types were used. They were divided into four groups: groups 1 and 3 received solid abutments, and groups 2 and 4 received two-piece abutments. In groups 1 and 2, abutments were simply installed and uninstalled; torque-in and torque-out values were measured. In groups 3 and 4, abutments were installed, mechanically loaded and uninstalled; torque-in and torque-out values were measured. Under mechanical loading, two-piece abutments were frictionally locked into the implant; thus, data of group 4 were catalogued under two subgroups (4a: torque-out value necessary to loosen the fixation screw; 4b: torque-out value necessary to remove the abutment from the implant). Ten insertion/removal cycles were performed for every implant/abutment assembly. Data were analyzed with a mixed linear model (P <= 0.05). Torque loss was higher in groups 4a and 2 (over 30% loss), followed by group 1 (10.5% loss), group 3 (5.4% loss) and group 4b (39% torque gain). All the results were significantly different. As the number of insertion/removal cycles increased, removal torques tended to be lower. It was concluded that mechanical loading increased removal torque of loaded abutments in comparison with unloaded abutments, and removal torque values tended to decrease as the number of insertion/removal cycles increased. To cite this article:Ricciardi Coppede A, de Mattos MdaGC, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Effect of repeated torque/mechanical loading cycles on two different abutment types in implants with internal tapered connections: an in vitro study.Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 20, 2009; 624-632.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01690.x.

Bond Strength of Fiber Posts in Different Root Thirds Using Resin Cement

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the in vitro bond strength (BS) of glass fiber posts (GF) and carbon fiber posts (CF) in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of root canals cemented with RelyX-Unicem (RX) and Cement-Post (CP). Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary canines were divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to the cement and post used: group 1: GF and RX; group 2: CF and RX; group 3: GF and CP; group 4: CF and CP. The push-out test was applied in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of each specimen to assess bond strength of the cement/post complex to the root canal wall. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA (Bonferroni test, p < 0.05), and fracture analysis was done with SEM. Results: The GF posts presented the best results when cemented with RX and with CF (p < 0.05). RX presented the highest BS values for both GF and CF (p < 0.05). For all the groups, BS was higher in the cervical third, followed by the middle and apical thirds. Fracture analysis showed a predominance of cohesive fracture of posts for RX, and a predominance of adhesive fracture between dentin/cement, and mixed failure mode for CP. Conclusion: GF posts cemented with RX presented the highest BS values in all root thirds.

Fracture and fatigue of natural fiber-reinforced cementitious composites

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of resistance-curve behavior and fatigue crack growth in cementitious matrices reinforced with eco-friendly natural fibers obtained from agricultural by-products. The composites include: blast furnace slag cement reinforced with pulped fibers of sisal, banana and bleached eucalyptus pulp, and ordinary Portland cement composites reinforced with bleached eucalyptus pulp. Fracture resistance (R-curve) and fatigue crack growth behavior were studied using single-edge notched bend specimens. The observed stable crack growth behavior was then related to crack/microstructure interactions that were elucidated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Fracture mechanics models were used to quantify the observed crack-tip shielding due to crack-bridging. The implications of the results are also discussed for the design of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials for affordable housing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expression and purification of a recombinant adenovirus fiber knob in a baculovirus system

Objectives: To construct a recombinant baculovirus expressing the fiber knob domain of human adenovirus type 2 modified by the insertion of a foreign peptide, purify this protein after its production in insect cells, and to test its properties. Methods: Recombinant baculoviruses expressing the fiber knob were produced in Sf9 cells. The recombinant fiber knob was recovered from culture supernatants of infected cells and purified by a combination of Ni-NTA and ion-exchange chromatography. Results: Fiber knob was recovered from the culture media as a soluble protein. In the system used, the fiber knob is expressed fused with the V5 epitope and a histidine tag, which allowed purification by Ni-NTA chromatography. The protein was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography. We show that the recombinant fiber knob produced, with 31 extra amino acids in the C-terminus, can oligomerize and bind to the adenovirus receptor CAR, as it can block the infection of a recombinant type 5 adenovirus. Conclusions: The modified form of the fiber knob, produced in insect cells and purified by Ni-NTA and ion-exchange chromatography, retains the properties of oligomerization and binding to the fiber natural receptor, CAR. This construct has the potential to be a new adjuvant. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

MuRF1 is a muscle fiber-type II associated factor and together with MuRF2 regulates type-II fiber trophicity and maintenance

MuRF1 is a member of the RBCC (RING, B-box, coiled-coil) superfamily that has been proposed to act as an atrogin during muscle wasting. Here, we show that MuRF1 is preferentially induced in type-II muscle fibers after denervation. Fourteen days after denervation, MuRF1 protein was further elevated but remained preferentially expressed in type-II muscle fibers. Consistent with a fiber-type dependent function of MuRF1, the tibialis anterior muscle (rich in type-II muscle fibers) was considerably more protected in MuRF1-KO mice from muscle wasting when compared to soleus muscle with mixed fiber-types. We also determined fiber-type distributions in MuRF1/MuRF2 double-deficient KO (dKO) mice, because MuRF2 is a close homolog of MuRF1. MuRF1/MuRF2 dKO mice showed a profound loss of type-II fibers in soleus muscle. As a potential mechanism we identified the interaction of MuRF1/MuRF2 with myozenin-1, a calcineurin/NFAT regulator and a factor required for maintenance of type-II muscle fibers. MuRF1/MuRF2 dKO mice had lost myozenin-1 expression in tibialis anterior muscle, implicating MuRF1/MuRF2 as regulators of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. In summary, our data suggest that expression of MuRF1 is required for remodeling of type-II fibers under pathophysiological stress states, whereas MuRF1 and MuRF2 together are required for maintenance of type-II fibers, possibly via the regulation of myozenin-1. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Selective excitation through tapered silica fibers of fluorescent two-photon polymerized structures

Two-photon polymerization has emerged as a powerful tool to design complex three-dimensional microstructures for applications ranging from biology to nanophotonics. To broaden the application spectrum of such microstructures, different materials have been incorporated to the polymers, aiming at specific applications. In this paper we report the fabrication of microstructures containing rhodamine 610, which display strong fluorescence upon one- and two-photon excitation. The latter increases light-penetration depth and spatial selectivity of luminescence. We also demonstrate that by using silica submicrometric wires we were able to select individual microstructures to be excited, which could be explored for designing microstructure-based optical circuits.

Effect of light-curing units on push-out fiber post bond strength in root canal dentin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different light-curing units on the bond strength (push-out) of glass fiber posts in the different thirds of the root (cervical, middle and apical) with different adhesive luting resin systems (dual-cure total-etch; dual-cured and self-etch bonding system; and dual-cure self-adhesive cements), Disks of the samples (n = 144) were used, with approximately 1 mm of thickness of 48 bovine roots restored with glass fiber posts, that were luted with resin cements photo-activated by halogen LCU (QTH, Optilux 501) and blue LED (Ultraled), with power densities of 600 and 550 mW/cm(2), respectively. A universal testing machine (MTS 810 Material Test System) was used with a 1 mm diameter steel rod at cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until post extrusion, with load cell of 50 kg, for evaluation of the push-out strength in the different thirds of each sample. The push-out strength values in kgf were converted to MPa and analyzed through Analysis of Variance and Tukey`s test, at significance level of 5%. The results showed that there were no statistical differences between the QTH and LED LCUs. The self-adhesive resin cement had lower values of retention. The total-etch and self-adhesive system resin cements seem to be a possible alternative for glass fiber posts cementation into the radicular canal and the LED LCU can be applied as an alternative to halogen light on photo-activation of dual-cured resin cements.

ABELIANIZED OBSTRUCTION FOR FIXED POINTS OF FIBER-PRESERVING MAPS OF SURFACE BUNDLES

Let f: M -> M be a fiber-preserving map where S -> M -> B is a bundle and S is a closed surface. We study the abelianized obstruction, which is a cohomology class in dimension 2, to deform f to a fixed point free map by a fiber-preserving homotopy. The vanishing of this obstruction is only a necessary condition in order to have such deformation, but in some cases it is sufficient. We describe this obstruction and we prove that the vanishing of this class is equivalent to the existence of solution of a system of equations over a certain group ring with coefficients given by Fox derivatives.

Fixed points on Klein bottle fiber bundles over the circle

The main purpose of this work is to study fixed points of fiber-preserving maps over the circle S(1) for spaces which are fiber bundles over S(1) and the fiber is the Klein bottle K. We classify all such maps which can be deformed fiberwise to a fixed point free map. The similar problem for torus fiber bundles over S(1) has been solved recently.