91 resultados para Roger de Flor.
em Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP)
Resumo:
Um experimento foi conduzido para verificar os efeitos de diferentes relações flúor:fósforo (F:P) na dieta sobre o desempenho e as concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e flúor na tíbia de poedeiras comerciais semipesadas. Foram utilizadas 160 galinhas poedeiras, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (fontes de fósforo com diferentes relações flúor:fósforo - 1:40; 1:60; 1:80; 1:100) e cinco repetições de oito aves. No final do experimento, foram abatidas duas aves de cada repetição para coleta da tíbia e análise dos teores de flúor, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. As relações flúor:fósforo não afetaram o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, a conversão alimentar, o peso dos ovos e a gravidade específica. Entretanto, a porcentagem de casca e a espessura da casca foram menores quando a relação F:P foi de 1:100. Apesar da ausência de efeitos na produção de ovos, verificou-se redução de 7,3; 5,4 e 9,8% na produção entre as aves que receberam ração com a maior relação F:P (1:100) em comparação àquelas alimentadas com as rações com as relações de 1:40; 1:60 e 1:80, respectivamente. A deposição óssea de flúor reduziu e a de magnésio aumentou nas aves alimentadas com a ração contendo as maiores relação de F:P. As fontes de fósforo, nas relações fluor:fósforo de 1:40 a 1:80, podem ser utilizadas em dietas para poedeiras comerciais, pois não afetam o desempenho e a qualidade da casca dos ovos.
Resumo:
A maioria dos gêneros da subtribo neotropical Galipeinae (tribo Galipeeae, Rutoideae) tem flores tubulosas, com várias formas e graus de conação e adnação. Galipea e outros gêneros na subtribo apresentam apenas duas anteras férteis mais cinco ou mais estaminódios, o que é intrigante porque na tribo predominam flores pentâmeras isostêmones. Visando elucidar a condição anatômica dessas características e estabelecer estados acurados para caracteres em análises filogenéticas, um estudo morfoanatômico de flores de cinco espécies de Galipea foi realizado, buscando os padrões de vascularização, posição, e união dos segmentos da flor. Destacam-se os resultados: 1) um tubo floral genuíno se forma no terço basal da flor por conação dos filetes e adnação desse tubo estaminal às pétalas; 2) as pétalas são distalmente coerentes umas às outras e aderentes aos filetes por meio de entrelaçamento de tricomas densos - um caso de pseudossimpetalia; 3) dentre as cinco (às vezes seis) estruturas tratadas como estaminódios, apenas as três externas são de fato homólogas a estames esterilizados, as demais surgem como ramificações adaxiais das pétalas; 4) os carpelos são peltados, congenitalmente conatos axial e lateralmente da base do ovário até o nível das placentas, e no estilete e estigma; na zona mediana e superior do ovário eles são unidos apenas posgenitalmente, com a epiderme diferenciada de carpelos contíguos e suturas evidentes na região ventral de cada carpelo; 5) a vascularização do disco sugere origem receptacular. As implicações desses dados para o entendimento da evolução das flores tubulosas em Galipea e grupos relacionados são discutidas.
Resumo:
Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos de diferentes relações flúor:fosforo na alimentação sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1.000 pintos de corte de 1 dia distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições de 50 aves por boxe. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro fontes de fósforo com relações flúor:fósforo de 1:40, 1:60, 1:80 e 1:100. O experimento foi dividido em três fases experimentais: 1 a 21, 22 a 42 e 43 a 49 dias de idade. Em cada fase, avaliou-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Ao final do experimento, foram abatidas duas aves de cada repetição para coleta da tíbia e de músculos do peito para análise das concentrações de flúor, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio desses tecidos. As relações flúor:fósforo avaliadas não afetaram o desempenho dos frangos de corte. A deposição óssea de flúor é proporcional à sua concentração na dieta, no entanto, a elevação dos níveis de flúor da dieta não influencia sua deposição nos músculos.
Resumo:
PURPOSE: To compare the caries prevalence, saliva buffering capacity (SBC), oral hygiene (OH), dietary habits, family income (FI) and frequency of visits to a dental office (Do) between Brazilian children living in areas with and without fluoridated public water supply. METHODS: Forty-six 5-7-year-old preschoolers were selected in Itatiba, SP, Brazil; 19 were from a fluoridated area, and 27 were from a non-fluoridated area. The caries index was determined according to the World Health Organization criteria, and the SBC was assessed by titration with hydrochloric acid. The FI, frequency of OH and visits to Do were estimated by questionnaire. The dietary habits were assessed with a diet chart. The differences between the groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Children from the non-fluoridated area showed significantly higher dmft/DMFT than those from the fluoridated area, but they showed significantly lower SBC, OH frequency and FI. No significant differences were observed between the areas for dietary habits and visits to Do. CONCLUSION: Children from fluoridated areas showed higher salivary buffering capacity, family income and oral hygiene frequency as well as lower caries prevalence, supporting the beneficial effect of fluoride in the tap water for caries prevention.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To determine if some stimulated whole saliva parameters are influenced by an increase of Body Mass Index. METHODS: Controlled cross-sectional study involving 90 school children of both genders between 7 and 10 years of age, from Bragança Paulista - SP. Three groups were formed: overweight, obese and control. Body Mass Index and diet intake by the Food Register method were evaluated. The salivary pH, flow rate, buffer capacity, protein, phosphate, calcium, fluoride, total and free sialic acid, and peroxidase activity were determined. RESULTS: The overweight and obese groups showed greater energy and lipid intake (P< 0.001) than the control group. There was no difference in the saliva flow rate between groups, however only the control group showed a mean value considered normal. In the overweight and obese groups a decrease in both the concentration of phosphate (P< 0.001) and peroxidase activity (P<0.001) was observed. In the obese group an increase in the concentrations of free sialic acid (P= 0.004) and protein (P= 0.003) occurred. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obese children show alterations in the concentrations of phosphate, free sialic acid and proteins, and in the peroxidase activity that are favorable conditions for dental caries.
Resumo:
A simple and low cost method to determine volatile contaminants in post-consumer recycled PET flakes was developed and validated by Headspace Dynamic Concentration and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (HDC-GC-FID). The analytical parameters evaluated by using surrogates include: correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy, intra-assay precision, and inter-assay precision. In order to compare the efficiency of the proposed method to recognized automated techniques, post-consumer PET packaging samples collected in Brazil were used. GC-MS was used to confirm the identity of the substances identified in the PET packaging. Some of the identified contaminants were estimated in the post-consumer material at concentrations higher than 220 ng.g-1. The findings in this work corroborate data available in the scientific literature pointing out the suitability of the proposed analytical method.
Resumo:
Estudaram-se os efeitos de fontes de enxofre na dieta sobre os parâmetros ruminais de bovinos Nelore, utilizando-se oito novilhos canulados no rúmen e submetidos a quatro tratamentos, segundo a fonte de enxofre. Os animais do grupo-controle não receberam suplementação de enxofre. Os dos outros três grupos receberam flor de enxofre ou metionina ou carboquelatado, como suplementação. Os animais foram arraçoados com dieta total, utilizando cana-de-açúcar picada como volumoso. O período experimental foi de 76 dias, dividido em quatro subperíodos de 19 dias, dos quais 14 eram para adaptação à dieta e cinco para as colheitas. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as fontes de enxofre na degradabilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibras em detergente ácido e neutro e no pH ruminal. O tratamento com carboquelatado resultou em maior número de protozoários ciliados e o tratamento metionina em menor contagem. O carboquelatado pode ser uma boa alternativa para a suplementação de enxofre para bovinos em confinamento.
Culicidae (Diptera, Culicomorpha) from the western Brazilian Amazon: Juami-Japurá Ecological Station
Resumo:
With 312 trap-hours of sampling effort, 1554 specimens of Culicidae (Diptera) were collected, using CDC and Malaise traps, in nine different locations along the Juami River, within the Juami-Japurá Ecological Station, Amazonas State, Brazil. A list of mosquito species with 54 taxa is presented, which includes three new distributional records for the state of Amazonas. The species found belong to the genera Anopheles, Aedeomyia, Aedes, Psorophora, Culex, Coquillettidia, Sabethes, Wyeomyia and Uranotaenia.
Resumo:
OBJETIVOS: identificar a opinião de pediatras e conhecer as recomendações de entidades profissionais e instituições públicas de saúde quanto à prescrição de suplementos fluorados. MÉTODOS: um questionário foi enviado a médicos pediatras. Informações adicionais sobre recomendações de suplementos fluorados foram obtidas junto a sete entidades profissionais e quatro instituições públicas de saúde. RESULTADOS: aproximadamente um em cada dez pediatras declarou prescrever algum suplemento contendo flúor. Risco de fluorose dentária, porque a água é fluoretada, foi a principal razão para afirmar que isso não deve ser feito. Quanto às entidades profissionais, duas deram respostas apropriadas. As respostas das demais não foram satisfatórias quanto ao uso racional de flúor. As respostas das instituições públicas foram apropriadas, embora o Ministério da Saúde não tenha se posicionado a respeito. CONCLUSÕES: um em cada 10 pediatras declarou prescrever suplementos contendo flúor para crianças residentes em São Paulo, cidade com água fluoretada. Em consequência, é necessário que o poder público e as entidades odontológicas assumam suas responsabilidades quanto ao uso dos suplementos fluorados.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Descrever os diferenciais urbano-rurais da prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças com dentição decídua no Estado de São Paulo e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 24 744 crianças de 5 a 7 anos examinadas no Levantamento Epidemiológico de Saúde Bucal do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se a análise multinível para verificar se havia associação entre a prevalência de cárie não tratada e as características sociodemográficas das crianças examinadas ou os aspectos socioeconômicos das cidades participantes. RESULTADOS: Ser negro ou pardo (razão de chances, ou OR, ajustada = 1,27), estudar na área rural (OR ajustada = 1,88) e freqüentar a escola pública (OR ajustada = 3,41) foram identificados como determinantes individuais de chance mais elevada de apresentar um ou mais dentes decíduos com cárie não tratada. Ser do sexo feminino (OR ajustada = 0,83) foi identificado como fator de proteção para essa condição. Os coeficientes negativos obtidos para as variáveis independentes de segundo nível indicaram que o perfil de saúde bucal das cidades participantes se beneficiou de valores mais elevados de índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (b = -0,47) e da adição de flúor à rede de águas (b = -0,32). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de cárie não tratada é influenciada por fatores sociodemográficos de ordem individual e contextual. O presente estudo apresenta informações epidemiológicas das áreas rurais do Estado de São Paulo, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento estratégico e normativo das ações de saúde bucal nos sistemas locais de saúde, com o intuito de contribuir para a promoção de eqüidade em saúde bucal
Resumo:
The Neotropical ant genus Myrmelachista Roger comprises 69 described species and subspecies, and still is a poorly studied group. Larvae play a paramount role in colony nutrition in social hymenopterans and bear considerable value in the reconstruction of group phylogenies, however, they are generally neglected. Larvae of different instars of Myrmelachista catharinae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are herein described in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy. The number of larval instars was estimated as three based on the frequency distribution of maximum head capsule widths. The described larvae confirmed some traits typical of the genus: general shape of body and mandibles, general aspect and distribution of body hairs, and the number of sensilla on the palps and galea. Differently from other Myrmelachista larvae previously described, M. catharinae presented two distinct kinds of second instars, some additional types of body hairs, different number of antennal sensilla, and a distinct labrum shape. M. catharinae presented ten pairs of spiracles, which is the first record for this genus.
Resumo:
Due to its relationship with other properties, wood density is the main wood quality parameter. Modern, accurate methods - such as X-ray densitometry - are applied to determine the spatial distribution of density in wood sections and to evaluate wood quality. The objectives of this study were to determinate the influence of growing conditions on wood density variation and tree ring demarcation of gmelina trees from fast growing plantations in Costa Rica. The wood density was determined by X-ray densitometry method. Wood samples were cut from gmelina trees and were exposed to low X-rays. The radiographic films were developed and scanned using a 256 gray scale with 1000 dpi resolution and the wood density was determined by CRAD and CERD software. The results showed tree-ring boundaries were distinctly delimited in trees growing in site with rainfall lower than 25 10 mm/year. It was demonstrated that tree age, climatic conditions and management of plantation affects wood density and its variability. The specific effect of variables on wood density was quantified by for multiple regression method. It was determined that tree year explained 25.8% of the total variation of density and 19.9% were caused by climatic condition where the tree growing. Wood density was less affected by the intensity of forest management with 5.9% of total variation.
Resumo:
The tree Gmelina arborea has been widely introduced in Costa Rica for commercial purposes. This new conditions for melina cause variations on anatomy in secondary xylem of the trees growing in plantations. The objective of the present research was to determine the variation in the anatomy of xylem caused by the ecological conduction variation. Dimensions of fiber, axial parenchyma percentage of cross sections, parameters of vessels and the ray were measured. The results showed that some anatomical characteristics remained stable despite variations of ecological conditions, especially radial parenchyma and anatomical features which were less affected by the altitude. On the other hand, the vessels, axial parenchyma and fiber were less stable because they were affected significantly by the longitude, latitude, altitude and precipitation. Latitude significantly affected vessel percentage, length and diameter of the fiber and lumen. Longitude affected vessel percentage and fiber diameter. Altitude had a significant correlation with the amount of cells at my height. Annual average precipitation affected vessel percentage and diameter, not only of the fiber, but also of the lumen. These results suggest that the new growth conditions of G. arborea trees in Costa Rica have produced an anatomic adaptation.
Resumo:
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein that has been shown to regulate pathophysiological processes, including cellular activation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recently, we showed that galectin-3 acts as a potent inhibitor of B cell differentiation into plasma cells. Here, we have investigated whether galectin-3 interferes with the lymphoid organization of B cell compartments in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) during chronic schistosomiasis, using WT and galectin-3(-/-) mice. Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes GalNAc beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3) GlcNAc(Lac-DiNAc) structures (N-acetylgalactosamine beta 1-4 N-acetylglucosamine), which are known to interact with galectin-3 and elicit an intense humoral response. Antigens derived from the eggs and adult worms are continuously drained to MLNs and induce a polyclonal B cell activation. In the present work, we observed that chronically-infected galectin-3(-/-) mice exhibited a significant reduced amount of macrophages and B lymphocytes followed by drastic histological changes in B lymphocyte and plasma cell niches in the MLNs. The lack of galectin-3 favored an increase in the lymphoid follicle number, but made follicular cells more susceptible to apoptotic stimuli. There were an excessive quantity of apoptotic bodies, higher number of annexin V(+)/PI(-) cells, and reduced clearance of follicular apoptotic cells in the course of schistosomiasis. Here, we observed that galectin-3 was expressed in nonlymphoid follicular cells and its absence was associated with severe damage to tissue architecture. Thus, we convey new information on the role of galectin-3 in regulation of histological events associated with B lymphocyte and plasma cell niches, apoptosis, phagocytosis and cell cycle properties in the MLNs of mice challenged with S. mansoni.
Resumo:
Background: Theracyte is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane macroencapsulation system designed to induce neovascularization at the tissue interface, protecting the cells from host's immune rejection, thereby circumventing the problem of limited half-life and variation in circulating levels. Endostatin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Continuous delivery of endostatin improves the efficacy and potency of the antitumoral therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recombinant fibroblasts expressing endostatin encapsulated in Theracyte immunoisolation devices can be used for delivery of this therapeutic protein for treatment of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma and Ehrlich tumors. Results: Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with melanoma (B16F10 cells) or Ehrlich tumor cells at the foot pads. Treatment began when tumor thickness had reached 0.5 mm, by subcutaneous implantation of 10(7) recombinant encapsulated or non-encapsulated endostatin producer cells. Similar melanoma growth inhibition was obtained for mice treated with encapsulated or non-encapsulated endostatin-expressing cells. The treatment of mice bearing melanoma tumor with encapsulated endostatin-expressing cells was decreased by 50.0%, whereas a decrease of 56.7% in tumor thickness was obtained for mice treated with non-encapsulated cells. Treatment of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice with non-encapsulated endostatin-expressing cells reduced tumor thickness by 52.4%, whereas lower tumor growth inhibition was obtained for mice treated with encapsulated endostatin-expressing cells: 24.2%. Encapsulated endostatin-secreting fibroblasts failed to survive until the end of the treatment. However, endostatin release from the devices to the surrounding tissues was confirmed by immunostaining. Decrease in vascular structures, functional vessels and extension of the vascular area were observed in melanoma microenvironments. Conclusions: This study indicates that immunoisolation devices containing endostatin-expressing cells are effective for the inhibition of the growth of melanoma and Ehrlich tumors. Macroencapsulation of engineered cells is therefore a reliable platform for the refinement of innovative therapeutic strategies against tumors.