Changing attitudes, beliefs and feelings towards food in bulimic patients

Eating attitudes are defined as beliefs. thoughts, feelings and behaviors towards food. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is ail eating disorder, in which the eating, attitudes are Seriously disturbed. Studies that evaluated nutritional aspects of BN focus mainly oil food intake, dietary restriction and binge eating. while the follow-up Studies evaluate mainly clinical symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate eating attitudes of patients with BN. during and after cognitive-behavioral intervention. Thirty nine (39) BN female patients received cognitive behavioral treatment with a Multidisciplinary team and had eating attitudes assessed by a questionnaire developed for this research. Frequencies of the attitudes assessed were compared at baseline. after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment. After treatment, patients had less distorted beliefs about food, less guilty after eating ""forbidden"" foods and they felt more tranquil while caring outside home. Other negative behaviors, as dietary restriction, the desire of not cat, being angry when feeling hungry and using the food to relive stress. persisted. Eating attitudes of patients with BN are hard to be changed in a short-term. More attention to this disease`s component and new approaches to treatment are needed in order to have a better recovery.

Four terebellines (Polychaeta, Terebellidae) with problematic taxonomic histories

Four taxa of terebellines with problematic taxonomic histories are redescribed. One is a new species that has been mis-identified for the last 37 years and one is allocated to a different genus from that to which it was previously assigned. Pista corrientis McIntosh, 1885 was described from Argentina and has been reported from several localities along the Brazilian coast. Examination of the holotype of P. corrientis revealed that the Brazilian specimens belong to a separate species, herein described as P. nonatoi sp. nov., and a redescription of the holotype of P. corrientis is provided. Pista sombreriana (McIntosh, 1885) was considered indeterminable due to the poor condition of the holotype. Our examination of the holotype showed that although it is poorly preserved most taxonomic characters are visible. The morphology of the lobes on anterior segments, especially those of segments 3-4, is closer to Lanicides than to Pista but considering that Lanicides is also poorly defined we redescribe P. sombreriana under its original designation. Finally, Eupolymnia turgidula (Ehlers, 1887) has been considered as a junior synonym of E. crassicornis (Schmarda, 1861) but a recent study resurrected it as a valid species of Terebella, which was the original generic designation. According to our examination of the holotype, E. turgidula does belong to Eupolymnia, but it is uncertain as to whether it is a valid species or a synonym of either E. crassicornis or E. magnifica (Webster, 1884).