Correla����o entre as escalas visual anal��gica, de Melbourne e filamentos de Von Frey na avalia����o da dor p��s-operat��ria em cadelas submetidas �� ovariossalpingohisterectomia

A avalia����o da dor em animais necessita da utiliza����o de escalas de avalia����o, que dependem da interpreta����o realizada por observadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correla����o entre a escala visual anal��gica (EVA), escala de Melbourne e os filamentos de Von Frey, na avalia����o da dor p��s-operat��ria em 42 cadelas adultas e saud��veis, submetidas �� ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). A dor p��s-operat��ria foi avaliada por dois observadores cegos aos tratamentos analg��sicos, em intervalos de uma hora, utilizando a EVA, a escala de Melbourne e os filamentos de Von Frey, aplicados ao redor da incis��o cir��rgica. Foram considerados como crit��rios para realiza����o da analgesia resgate uma pontua����o de 50mm na EVA ou de 13 pontos na escala de Melbourne. A EVA revelou-se a escala mais sens��vel, uma vez que 100% dos animais receberam resgate seguindo esse m��todo. Os valores obtidos na EVA e na escala de Melbourne determinaram boa correla����o, com r=0,74, o que n��o ocorreu com os filamentos de Von Frey (r=-0,18). J�� a correla����o entre a escala de Melbourne e os filamentos de Von Frey foi de -0.37. Apesar de a EVA e a escala de Melbourne apresentarem boa correla����o, sugere-se que se considere uma pontua����o menor na escala de Melbourne como crit��rio para administra����o de analgesia resgate.

Uma cole����o de hist��ria em um museu de ci��ncias naturais: o Museu Paulista de Hermann von Ihering

Instalado em um edif��cio-Monumento, data de 1895 a inaugura����o do Museu Paulista. Seu primeiro diretor, o zo��logo Hermann Von Ihering (1895-1916), teve a tarefa de organizar suas vastas cole����es, as quais possu��am objetos de diversos ramos do conhecimento, entre eles, a Hist��ria. Este artigo tem a inten����o de entender a dimens��o, din��mica e concep����o desta cole����o de Hist��ria, que recebeu pouca aten����o da Historiografia relativa ao tema.

Rediscovery of the syntypes of Corydoras meridionalis R. von Ihering, 1911 (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) and designation of lectotype

Os s��ntipos de Corydoras meridionalis Rodolpho von Ihering, 1911, tidos como desaparecidos da cole����o de peixes do Museu de Zoologia da USP, foram encontrados; os exemplares tinham sido identificados como C. ehrhardti Steindachner, 1910, esp��cie atualmente considerada sin��nimo s��nior da primeira. O exame desses sintipos permite confirmar a sinon��mia proposta. Dados sobre os s��ntipos s��o apresentados e comparados com os dados das descri����es originais de C. ehrhardti e C. meridionalis, sendo comentadas as poucas diferen��as encontradas entre eles. �� designado o lect��tipo de C. meridionalis e uma fotografia deste �� apresentada.

BEM formulation for von Karman plates

This work deals with nonlinear geometric plates in the context of von Karman`s theory. The formulation is written such that only the boundary in-plane displacement and deflection integral equations for boundary collocations are required. At internal points, only out-of-plane rotation, curvature and in-plane internal force representations are used. Thus, only integral representations of these values are derived. The nonlinear system of equations is derived by approximating all densities in the domain integrals as single values, which therefore reduces the computational effort needed to evaluate the domain value influences. Hyper-singular equations are avoided by approximating the domain values using only internal nodes. The solution is obtained using a Newton scheme for which a consistent tangent operator was derived. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

von Wright`s Therapy to Jorgensen`s Syndrome

In his last papers about deontic logic, von Wright sustained that there is no genuine logic of norms. We argue in this paper that this striking statement by the father of deontic logic should not be understood as a death sentence to the subject. Rather, it indicates a profound change in von Wright`s understanding about the epistemic and ontological role of logic in the field of norms. Instead of a logical constructivism of deontic systems revealing a necessary structure of prescriptive discourse, which marked his earlier efforts, he adopted the view that such systems should be seem as mere objects of comparison, i.e. as providing practical standards of rationality for norm-giving activity. Within such view he proposed an interpretation of standard deontic logic in such a way to free deontic logicians from the philosophical difficulties related to the so-called Jorgensen`s dilemma and deontic paradoxes. This effort, as we claim in the present paper, is an application of Wittgenstein`s therapeutic method to dissolve philosophical difficulties caused by the use of logical tools to model relations between norms.

Clinical and molecular characterization of Brazilian families with von Hippel-Lindau disease: a need for delineating genotype-phenotype correlation

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome that predisposes to the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumours, especially cerebellar haemangioblastomas, retinal angiomas and clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC). The etiology and manifestations are due to germline and somatic mutations in the VHL tumour suppressor gene. VHL disease is classified into type 1 and type 2, showing a clear genotype-phenotype correlation, as type 2 is associated with phaeochromocytoma and essentially caused by missense mutations. The aim of this study is to characterize the phenotype and genotype of families with VHL disease. Eighteen of twenty patients from ten unrelated families underwent genetic testing, nine of them fulfilled VHL disease criteria and one had an apparently sporadic cerebellar haemangioblastoma. Four different germline mutations in the VHL gene were identified: c.226_228delTTC (p.Phe76del); c.217C > T (p.Gln73X); IVS1-1 G > A and IVS2-1 G > C. The first three mutations were associated with type 1 disease and the last one with type 2B, which had never been identified in the germline. The transcriptional processing of a novel splice-site mutation was characterised. Three type 1 VHL families showed large deletions of the VHL gene, two of them encompassed the FANCD2/C3orf10 genes and were not associated with renal lesions. We also suggest that such families should be subclassified according to the risk of RCC and the extent of the VHL gene deletions. This study highlights the need for a through clinical and molecular characterisation of families with VHL disease to better delineate its genotype-phenotype correlation.