Global solutions for abstract neutral differential equations

We study the existence of global solutions for a class of abstract neutral differential equation defined on the whole real axis. Some concrete applications related to ordinary and partial differential equations are considered. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global solutions for abstract impulsive differential equations

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions on the whole of R for a class of impulsive abstract differential equations. An application to partial differential equations is presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The existence of solutions for impulsive neutral functional differential equations

This work deals with the existence of mild solutions for a class of impulsive functional differential equations of the neutral type associated with the family of linear closed (not necessarily bounded) operators {A(t) : t is an element of 1}. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Existence of asymptotically almost automorphic solutions to some abstract partial neutral integro-differential equations

The paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of asymptotically almost automorphic mild solution to an abstract partial neutral integro-differential equation with unbounded delay. An example is given to illustrate our results. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Existence results for abstract impulsive second-order neutral functional differential equations

We establish the existence of mild solutions for a class of impulsive second-order partial neutral functional differential equations with infinite delay in a Banach space. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd

Existence Results for Second Order Differential Equations with Nonlocal Conditions in Banach Spaces

This work is concerned with implicit second order abstract differential equations with nonlocal conditions. Assuming that the involved operators satisfy sonic compactness properties, we establish the existence of local mild solutions, the existence of global mild solutions and the existence of asymptotically almost periodic solutions.

Controllability of Volterra-Fredholm type systems in Banach spaces

We show the results in Chalishajar [Controllability of mixed Volterra-Fredholm-type integro-differential systems in Banach space, J. Franklin Inst. 344(1) (2007) 12-21] and Chang and Chalishajar [Controllability of mixed Volterra-Fredholm type integro-differential systems in Banach space, J. Franklin Inst., doi:10.1016/j. jfranklin.2008.02.002] are only valid for ordinary differential control systems. As a result the examples provided cannot be recovered as applications of the abstract results. (C) 2008 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Approximate controllability of second-order distributed implicit functional systems

In this paper we study the approximate controllability of control systems with states and controls in Hilbert spaces, and described by a second-order semilinear abstract functional differential equation with infinite delay. Initially we establish a characterization for the approximate controllability of a second-order abstract linear system and, in the last section, we compare the approximate controllability of a semilinear abstract functional system with the approximate controllability of the associated linear system. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Existence of solutions for second order partial neutral functional differential equations

We establish existence of mild solutions for a class of abstract second-order partial neutral functional differential equations with unbounded delay in a Banach space.

Almost automorphic mild solutions to some partial neutral functional-differential equations and applications

The paper considers the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic mild solutions to some classes of first-order partial neutral functional-differential equations. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic mild solutions to the above-mentioned equations are obtained. As an application, a first-order boundary value problem arising in control systems is considered. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.

Global solutions for abstract impulsive neutral differential equations

We study the existence of mild solutions for a class of impulsive neutral functional differential equation defined on the whole real axis. Some concrete applications to ordinary and partial neutral differential equations with impulses are considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

C(alpha)-HOLDER CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS FOR NON-AUTONOMOUS NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper we discuss the existence of alpha-Holder classical solutions for non-autonomous abstract partial neutral functional differential equations. An application is considered.

Timing of renal replacement therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in severe acute kidney injury and clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter observational study conducted at 54 intensive care units (ICUs) in 23 countries enrolling 1238 patients. Results: Timing of RRT was stratified into ""early"" and ""late"" by median urea and creatinine at the time RRT was started. Timing was also categorized temporally from ICU admission into early (<2 days), delayed (2-5 days), and late (>5 days). Renal replacement therapy timing by serum urea showed no significant difference in crude (63.4% for urea <= 24.2 mmol/L vs 61.4% for urea >24.2 mmol/L; odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.15; P = .48) or covariate-adjusted mortality (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.91-1.70; P = .16). When stratified by creatinine, late RRT was associated with lower crude (53.4% for creatinine >309 mu mol/L vs 71.4% for creatinine <= 309 mu mol/L; OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36-0.58; P < .0001) and covariate-adjusted mortality (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.69; P < .001).However, for timing relative to ICU admission, late RRT was associated with greater crude (72.8% vs 62.3% vs 59%, P < .001) and covariate-adjusted mortality (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.30-2.92; P = .001). Overall, late RRT was associated with a longer duration of RRT and stay in hospital and greater dialysis dependence. Conclusion: Timing of RRT, a potentially modifiable factor, might exert an important influence on patient survival. However, this largely depended on its definition. Late RRT (days from admission) was associated with a longer duration of RRT, longer hospital stay, and higher dialysis dependence. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of AST platelet ratio index (APRI Score) as an alternative to liver biopsy for treatment indication in chronic hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease in the world, potentially resulting in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation. Liver biopsy is currently performed before therapy indication. Although, it is the golden standard there are many reasons to avoid or delay the procedure. APRI Score is an easy, low cost and practice alternative method which was described as an alternative for assessing structural changes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The rationale of this study was to observe the accuracy of APRI Score in comparison to liver biopsy in 400 patients divided into two groups of 200 carriers (Validation and Experimental groups respectively) selected at random or according to liver fibrosis staging (METAVIR). The ROC curves showed a concordance among these two methods of 92% and 88.5% when 1.05 was the cut off (F3 and F4), and 87% and 83%, on 0.75 cut offs (F2-F4). The discordance in advanced fibrosis staging (F3 and F4) was only 16 (8%) and 22 (11%) out of 200 patients in the experimental and validation groups, respectively. In 26 (13%) out of 200 patients in the experimental group and 34 (17%) out of 200 patients in the validation group, there was discordance between APRI Score and liver biopsy in moderate and advanced fibrosis (F2-F4). In conclusion APRI is a serological marker that has satisfactory sensitivity and specificity together with a high predictive value and it can be useful either in the absence of a biopsy or to reduce the frequency with which biopsies need to be carried out to monitor the evolution of chronic hepatitis C and the right moment for treatment indication.

Hemihypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy after mastoid dissection of the facial nerve: Results in 24 patients and comparison with the classic technique

OBJECTIVE: Hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy has been widely used for reanimation of paralyzed facial muscles after irreversible proximal injury of the facial nerve. However, complete section of the hypoglossal nerve occasionally results in hemiglossal dysfunction and interferes with swallowing and speech. To reduce this morbidity, a modified technique with partial section of the hypoglossal nerve after mastoid dissection of the facial nerve (HFM) has been used. We report our experience with the HFM technique, retrospectively comparing the outcome with results of the classic hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in 36 patients who underwent hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with the classic (n = 12) or variant technique (n = 24) between 2000 and 2006. Facial Outcome was evaluated with the House-Brackmann grading system, and tongue function was evaluated with a new scale proposed to quantify Postoperative tongue alteration. The results were compared, and age and time between nerve injury and surgery were correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two techniques concerning facial reanimation. A worse outcome of tongue function, however, was associated with the classic technique (Mann-Whitney U test; P < 0.05). When HFM was used, significant correlations defined by the Spearman test were identified between preoperative delay (p = 0.59; P = 0.002) or age (p = 0.42; P = 0.031) and results of facial reanimation evaluated with the House-Brackmann grading system. CONCLUSION: HFM is as effective as classic hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy for facial reanimation, and it has a much lower morbidity related to tongue function. Better results are obtained in younger patients and with a shorter interval between facial nerve injury and surgery.