Agricultura e meio ambiente em Rio Verde (GO)

A modernização da agropcuária brasileira possibilitou aumento da produção através da expansão das monoculturas, como a soja. Alta demanda e bons preços no mercado internacional incentivaram o cultivo dessa oleaginosa, principalmente no Cerrado. Em que pese seus benefícios econômicos, a sojicultura realizada nestes moldes, com grandes aportes mecânicos e químicos e concentração fundiária, causa impactos ambientais e sociais. Desmatamento, poluição de cursos d´água, erosão, compactação de solos, intoxicação e concentração de terra são alguns desses problemas. Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar desmatamento, contaminação de cursos d´água por agrotóxico e intoxicação no município maior produtor de soja de Goiás, Rio Verde. Foram utilizados mapas de uso do solo de Rio Verde, dos anos 1975, 1989 e 2005, autos de infração emitidos por órgãos de fiscalização ambiental, resultado de análises de resíduos de agrotóxicos na água destinada ao abastecimento público e casos de intoxicação por agrotóxico. A presença e gravidade do desmatamento, que ocorreu entre 1975 e 2005, puderam ser detectadas pelos dados analisados. Já os dados sobre intoxicação, por possivelmente serem subnotificados, revelaram um problema de saúde pública. Concluiu-se a necessidade de ações pelo poder público de fiscalização ambiental em Rio Verde, de medidas que melhorem a notificação de casos de intoxicação, e da promoção de incentivos àqueles agricultores que respeitam as leis ambientais

Modelos de gestão e o SUS

O recente documento do Ministério do Planejamento sobre Fundações Públicas (2005) e a crise da área hospitalar colocaram novamente na agenda do SUS a questão dos modelos de gestão pública. O objetivo deste artigo é situar no contexto das reformas de estado pensadas na década de 90 para o Brasil, as propostas de mudança dos modelos de gestão da administração pública, com foco no processo de implementação do SUS. Essa abordagem trata em primeiro lugar da personalidade jurídica das organizações de saúde na esfera estatal, conceituando o público a partir de seus objetivos; em segundo, discute o contexto as reformas de estado e as mudanças propostas para a administração pública. Os autores entendem que critérios e parâmetros para avaliação institucional devem contemplar quatro aspectos: subordinação à política de saúde; legalidade; eficiência gerencial e capacidade de controle. A partir do quadro de referencia geral elaborou-se uma análise comparativa em relação à proposta das fundações públicas de direito privado. Na análise comparativa das características desse tipo de entidade proposta para gestão hospitalar, observam-se semelhanças com a proposta de Organizações Sociais. Fundação Estatal e Contrato de Gestão podem ser vistos como modelos que possibilitam modernizar o Estado, além de re-introduzirem o tema da reforma hospitalar na agenda governamental brasileira

A gestão do conhecimento na educação ambiental

Information and knowledge are resources of environmental education (EE) that can be performed through knowledge management (KM). The aim of this paper is to propose measures of knowledge creation (KC) to improve performance of EE. This study is based on the research literature without empirical findings; therefore, the results are limited by the methodological resources of the theoretical essay. However, this limitation is the greatest motivation for future research which could investigate the proximity of EE with KM and KC in empirical investigations. Some suggestions for developing the requirements of KC programs to EE are presented as the results: possibility of the SECI process to better perform various aspects of environmental education such as social learning, interaction activities, dialogue, experience exchanging, information and knowledge, and of different ideas and ways of acting, done by EE and, finally, the possibility of Ba to develop a proper space for creation of new environmental knowledge. This article contains academic contributions to KM by providing greater discussion and understanding of KC; to EE when it allows a different view based on the work of information and knowledge about the processes of teaching, when contributing to social programs for EE, improving their practices and, consequently, contributing to an environmentally sustainable economic development.

Aportes da gestão da informação para a criação de conhecimento em equipes de inovação

Information and knowledge have been cited for two decades as competitive advantage tools. Recently, the use of them is discussed in promotion of the innovation. The premise indicates that human interaction, information sharing and knowledge creation are vital for the success of organizations that need to learn and innovate all the time. This paper has the intention to point contributions from a dynamic environment of acquisition, dissemination and the use of information to the subsequent knowledge creation and the formation of innovation teams.

Gestão do Conhecimento: a produção científica em períodos brasileiros entre 1997 e 2006

This study analyzes how the subject ""Knowledge Management"" (KM) has been published by authors of the Information Science (IS) and Administration (ADM). The research identifies the most productive periodicals, the most prolific institutions and authors in each area, as well as the results obtained. This is a study that presents the mapping of the Brazilian scientific production on KM, in national periodicals level A from CAPES, in the IS and ADM areas. The study is divided into three periods: 1997-2006, 1997-2001 and 2002-2006. The theoretical foundation is based on Nonaka and Takeuchi, Davenport and Prusak, Davenport and Cronin. Seventy-six articles are analyzed, forty in the IS area and thirty-six in the ADM area. The results indicate that the IS has published much more on the subject KM than the ADM. Although the chart presented is not exhaustive, it represents an important sample of the Brazilian scientific production on KM, from 1997-2006.

Altazor, de Vicente Huidobro: o gesto político numa das epopeias de XX

This article aims at presenting a reading of Vicente Huidobro's poem Altazor (1931,) assuming the epic genre postulations and the conditions of its development in the first half of the twentieth century. Important works were produced in that period, setting in motion a deployment of the epic genre as refashioned by the avant-garde movements and contesting the metaphysical formulations that had considered it impossible as a discursive space in modern times. Altazor is situated in this movement as a self-conscience of issues of language and its objective capacities. The work deals with the possible modes of enunciation of a great poet, Altazor, who lacks his former serenity of old and looks for a language able to transcend his mother tongue, because he does not accept its origin. His political revolution is performed on language, the artifice through which history is told.

Sociedade e gestão do risco: o aquífero Guarani em Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil

Contemporary society creates risks of all kinds, changing the meaning of this term. Although it may be associated with natural hazards, it gradually assumes a stronger relation with human actions, especially due to the use of technology. The use of land for agricultural and urban activities creates the possibility of contamination in the recharge area of the Guarani aquifer in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This city is one of the most important in the state with high economic development. Besides this, it is located in the recharge area of the main reservoir of underground water of South Cone. This paper aims to discuss the management of groundwater use in Ribeirao Preto and reflects the risk that contamination and overexploitation might cause to the main city's water supply.

In Vitro Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to Dentine Root Surface After Treatment with Er:Yag Laser, Ultrasonic System, or Manual Curette

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentine root surface roughness and the adherence of Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) after treatment with an ultrasonic system, Er:YAG laser, or manual curette. Background Data: Bacterial adhesion and formation of dental biofilm after scaling and root planing may be a challenge to the long-term stability of periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty flattened bovine roots were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: ultrasonic system (n = 10); Er:YAG laser (n = 10); manual curette (n = 10); or control untreated roots (n = 10). The mean surface roughness (Ra, mu m) of the specimens before and after exposure to each treatment was determined using a surface profilometer. In addition, S. sanguinis was grown on the treated and untreated specimens and the amounts of retained bacteria on the surfaces were measured by culture method. Results: All treatments increased the Ra; however, the roughest surface was produced by the curettes. In addition, the specimens treated with curettes showed the highest S. sanguinis adhesion. There was a significant positive correlation between roughness values and bacterial cells counts. Conclusion: S. sanguinis adhesion was the highest on the curette-treated dentine root surfaces, which also presented the greatest surface roughness.

Categories of manual asymmetry and their variation with advancing age

Manual asymmetries were analyzed in 18- to 63-year-old right-handers in different motor tasks. This analysis aimed at describing the asymmetry profile for each task and assessing their stability across ages. For this purpose, performance of the right and left hands were analyzed in the following aspects: simple reaction time, rate of sequential finger movements, maximum grip force, accuracy in anticipatory timing, rate of repetitive tapping, and rate of drawing movements. In addition, stability of manual preference across ages was assessed through the Edinburgh inventory (Oldfield, 1971). The results indicated different profiles of manual asymmetry, with identification of three categories across tasks: symmetric performance (asymmetry indices close to zero), inconsistent asymmetry (asymmetry indices variable in magnitude and direction), and consistent asymmetry (asymmetry indices favoring a single hand). The different profiles observed in the young adults were stable across ages with two exceptions: decreased lateral asymmetry for maximum grip force and increased asymmetry for sequential drawing in older individuals. These results indicate that manual asymmetries are task specific. Such task specificity is interpreted to be the result of different sensorimotor requirements imposed by each motor task in association with motor experiences accumulated over the lifetime. Analysis of manual preference showed that strength of preference for the right hand was greater in older individuals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson Srl. All rights reserved.

Amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice in children

The effect of lateralized practice on manual preference was investigated in right-handed children. Probing tasks required reaching and grasping a pencil at distinct eccentricities in the right and left hemifields (simple), and its transportation and insertion into a small hole (complex). During practice, the children experienced manipulative tasks different from that used for probing, using the left hand only. Results showed that before practice the children used almost exclusively the right hand in the right hemifield and at the midline position. Following lateralized practice frequency of use of the left hand increased in most lateral positions. A more evident effect of lateralized practice on shift of manual preference was detected in the complex task. Implications for lateralization of behavior in a developmental timescale are discussed on the basis of the proposition of amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 723-730, 2010.

Listeria monocytogenes in two different poultry facilities: Manual and automatic evisceration

Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen often found in food processing plants. Poultry meat and its derivatives may harbor L. monocytogenes even if good manufacturing practices are implanted in abattoirs. Little information exists in Brazil on the frequency of L. monocytogenes contamination, even though the country is considered the top poultry meat exporter in the world. This study attempted to compare 2 exporters poultry facilities following same the standards but differing only in manual (plant M) or automatic (plant A) evisceration. Eight hundred fifty-one samples from food, food contact and non-food contact surfaces, water, and workers` hands were collected from cage to finished products over a 1-yr period. In plant A, 20.1% of the samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, whereas in plant M, 16.4% was found. The greatest incidence of contamination with the pathogen in plant A was found in non- food contact surfaces (27.3%), while in plant M, it was found in products (19.4%). The most prevalent serovars were 1/2a or 3a (plant M) and 4b, 4d, or 4e (plant A). Despite having proper hygiene and good manufacturing practices, controlling the entry and persistence of L. monocytogenes in processing facilities remains a formidable task.

Automatic versus manual pressure support reduction in the weaning of post-operative patients: a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Reduction of automatic pressure support based on a target respiratory frequency or mandatory rate ventilation (MRV) is available in the Taema-Horus ventilator for the weaning process in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We hypothesised that MRV is as effective as manual weaning in post-operative ICU patients. Methods There were 106 patients selected in the postoperative period in a prospective, randomised, controlled protocol. When the patients arrived at the ICU after surgery, they were randomly assigned to either: traditional weaning, consisting of the manual reduction of pressure support every 30 minutes, keeping the respiratory rate/tidal volume (RR/TV) below 80 L until 5 to 7 cmH(2)O of pressure support ventilation (PSV); or automatic weaning, referring to MRV set with a respiratory frequency target of 15 breaths per minute (the ventilator automatically decreased the PSV level by 1 cmH(2)O every four respiratory cycles, if the patient`s RR was less than 15 per minute). The primary endpoint of the study was the duration of the weaning process. Secondary endpoints were levels of pressure support, RR, TV (mL), RR/TV, positive end expiratory pressure levels, FiO(2) and SpO(2) required during the weaning process, the need for reintubation and the need for non-invasive ventilation in the 48 hours after extubation. Results In the intention to treat analysis there were no statistically significant differences between the 53 patients selected for each group regarding gender (p = 0.541), age (p = 0.585) and type of surgery (p = 0.172). Nineteen patients presented complications during the trial (4 in the PSV manual group and 15 in the MRV automatic group, p < 0.05). Nine patients in the automatic group did not adapt to the MRV mode. The mean +/- sd (standard deviation) duration of the weaning process was 221 +/- 192 for the manual group, and 271 +/- 369 minutes for the automatic group (p = 0.375). PSV levels were significantly higher in MRV compared with that of the PSV manual reduction (p < 0.05). Reintubation was not required in either group. Non-invasive ventilation was necessary for two patients, in the manual group after cardiac surgery (p = 0.51). Conclusions The duration of the automatic reduction of pressure support was similar to the manual one in the postoperative period in the ICU, but presented more complications, especially no adaptation to the MRV algorithm. Trial Registration Trial registration number: ISRCTN37456640

Reliability assessment of Cobb angle measurements using manual and digital methods

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The vertebral spine angle in the frontal plane is an important parameter in the assessment of scoliosis and may be obtained from panoramic X-ray images. Technological advances have allowed for an increased use of digital X-ray images in clinical practice. PURPOSE: In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the reliability of computer-assisted Cobb angle measurements taken from digital X-ray images. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Clinical investigation quantifying scoliotic deformity with Cobb method to evaluate the intra- and interobserver variability using manual and digital techniques. PATIENT SAMPLE: Forty-nine patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis were chosen based on convenience, without predilection for gender, age, type, location, or magnitude of the curvature. OUTCOME MEASURES: Images were examined to evaluate Cobb angle variability, end plate selection, as well as intra- and interobserver errors. METHODS: Specific software was developed to digitally reproduce the Cobb method and calculate semiautomatically the degree of scoliotic deformity. During the study, three observers estimated the Cobb angle using both the digital and the traditional manual methods. RESULTS: The results showed that Cobb angle measurements may be reproduced in the computer as reliably as with the traditional manual method, in similar conditions to those found in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The computer-assisted method (digital method) is clinically advantageous and appropriate to assess the scoliotic curvature in the frontal plane using Cobb method. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.