Percep����es de escolares com defici��ncia visual em rela����o ao seu processo de escolariza����o

A promo����o da inclus��o escolar de pessoas com defici��ncia visual demanda que os profissionais conhe��am as percep����es que estes alunos t��m a respeito de suas limita����es e possibilidades. Neste estudo, foram identificadas caracter��sticas e percep����es de escolares com defici��ncia visual em rela����o ao seu processo de reabilita����o. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal com escolares de 12 anos e mais, inseridos no sistema p��blico de um munic��pio do Estado de S��o Paulo. Aplicou-se question��rio mediante entrevista. Obteve-se popula����o de 26 alunos, sendo 46,2% com vis��o subnormal e 53,8% com cegueira, com m��dia de idade de 17,1 anos. A repet��ncia escolar foi declarada por 73,1%. Entre as dificuldades escolares decorrentes da cegueira, sobressaiu-se a leitura de livros did��ticos e, entre as decorrentes da vis��o subnormal, a visualiza����o da lousa. O n��vel de escolaridade mostrou-se baixo em rela����o �� m��dia de idade. Evidenciaram-se percep����es coerentes em rela����o �� problem��tica da inclus��o escolar.

O saber Kamaiur�� sobre a sa��de do corpo

Os Kamaiur�� s��o um povo de l��ngua Tupi que, juntamente com povos das fam��lias lingu��sticas Aruak, Karib, Tupi e da l��ngua isolada Trumai, habita o Alto Xingu (MT). A homogeneidade cultural entre esses povos �� evidenciada em m��ltiplos aspectos, como forma e disposi����o das aldeias, tipo de habita����o, h��bitos alimentares, reclus��o pubert��ria, pinturas e adornos corporais, uso do uluri pelas mulheres, festas e cerim��nias, como o Kwaryp. Esse padr��o cultural comum resulta da longa ocupa����o de uma mesma ��rea geogr��fica e da frequ��ncia de casamentos inter��tnicos. O presente trabalho mostra como o saber sobre a sa��de do corpo �� constru��do a partir de elementos que comp��em a vis��o do mundo Kamaiur��, em que observa����o, experimenta����o e mitologia se conjugam. Descreve os cuidados dispensados ao corpo e as regras culturais e espirituais relativos ��s diferentes etapas do ciclo vital.

Functionality of the approach of hierarchical analysis in the full cost accounting in the IRP of a metropolitan airport

This work shows the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the full cost accounting (FCA) within the integrated resource planning (IRP) process. For this purpose, a pioneer case was developed and different energy solutions of supply and demand for a metropolitan airport (Congonhas) were considered [Moreira, E.M., 2005. Modelamento energetico para o desenvolvimento limpo de aeroporto metropolitano baseado na filosofia do PIR-O caso da metropole de Sao Paulo. Dissertacao de mestrado, GEPEA/USP]. These solutions were compared and analyzed utilizing the software solution ""Decision Lens"" that implements the AHP. The final part of this work has a classification of resources that can be considered to be the initial target as energy resources, thus facilitating the restraints of the IRP of the airport and setting parameters aiming at sustainable development. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Person, existence and phenomenology: remarks on the conceptions of personalism of Emmanuel Mounier

This article aims to discuss the personalism of Emmanuel Mounier, especially his views on the person and existence, and its relation to phenomenology. Mounier does not refer to the influence of phenomenology on his thoughts. However, it is possible to notice that his philosophy was strongly influenced by phenomenological ideas. Personalism is a philosophy that says a person`s value as an absolute. The absolute here is understood as a purpose that gives meaning to all the political and social organization. Human existence is the starting point and fundamental postulate of personalism. This means that there is, therefore, a priority of the existence about the human nature, understanding this as an information ""ontological definitive"". This position is a requirement of epistemological reformulation, which means, within personalism, the attempt to develop a phenomenology of existence, located between the radical objectivism of the science and subjectivism of metaphysics.

The rational reconstruction of the research program on classic rationalism: Locke and the empiricist approach

This article intends to rationally reconstruct Locke`s theory of knowledge as incorporated in a research program concerning the nature and structure of the theories and models of rationality. In previous articles we argued that the rationalist program can be subdivided into the classical rationalistic subprogram, which includes the knowledge theories of Descartes, Locke, Hume and Kant, the neoclassical subprogram, which includes the approaches of Duhem, Poincare and Mach, and the critical subprogram of Popper. The subdivision results from the different views of rationality proposed by each one of these subprograms, as well as from the tools made available by each one of them, containing theoretical instruments used to arrange, organize and develop the discussion on rationality, the main one of which is the structure of solution of problems. In this essay we intend to reconstruct the assumptions of Locke`s theory of knowledge, which in our view belongs to the classical rationalistic subprogram because it shares with it the thesis of the identity of (scientific) knowledge and certain knowledge.

Cranial anatomy of a new genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil

Detailed description of the cranial anatomy of the rhynchosaur previously known as Scaphonyx sulcognathus allows its assignment to a new genus Teyumbaita. Two nearly complete skulls and a partial skull have been referred to the taxon, all of which come from the lower part of the Caturrita Formation, Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Cranial autapomorphies of Teyumbaita sulcognathus include anterior margin of nasal concave at midline, prefrontal separated from the ascending process of the maxilla, palatal ramus of pterygoid expanded laterally within palatines, dorsal surface of exoccipital markedly depressed, a single tooth lingually displaced from the main medial tooth-bearing area of the maxilla, and a number of other characters (such as skull broader than long; a protruding orbital anterior margin; anguli oils extending to anterior ramus of the jugal; bar between the orbit and the lower temporal fenestra wider than 0.4 of the total orbital opening; mandibular depth reaching more than 25% of the total length) support its inclusion in Hyperodapedontinae. T. sulcognathus is the only potential Norian rhynchosaur, suggesting that the group survived the end-Carnian extinction event.

Reductionism and the human duplication thought-experiment

The human duplication thought-experiment is examined, and basic positions concerning the possible outcomes of the experiment are spelled out. A first position sustains supervenience, either from a reductionist or an emergentist perspective, and such views are contrasted. Certain moral aspects of the thought-experiment are then considered, especially in relation to the idea of death. Taking reductionism as a working hypothesis, two possibilities are suggested for investigating the hard problem of qualia: the postulation of some novel sort of physical interaction, and the postulation of a counter-intuitive law of scaling. One possibility for the latter would lead to a violation of supervenience.

Thought and picture in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

When an elementary proposition is instituted, the pictorial relations establish a contact between the proposition and the fact. This seems to commit the Tractarian project with a psychological view, but this is not the case because the point of view of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is concerned with the conditions of possibility of the representation. In this paper my objective is twofold. First, I show that the thought plays a basic function in the institution of a picture. Second, I show that the fact that the thought plays an important role in the institution of a picture does not commit the Tractarian project with an inquiry of psychological nature.

The epistemological basis of the metaphysics of the Will of Arthur Schopenhauer

RESUMO: Analisamos neste artigo a teoria do conhecimento de Arthur Schopenhauer com base em sua disserta����o Sobre a qu��drupla raiz do princ��pio de raz��o suficiente (1813), seu ensaio Sobre a vis��o e as cores (1816), os dois primeiros livros de O mundo como vontade e representa����o (1819), bem como o ap��ndice a esta obra intitulado Cr��tica da filosofia kantiana. Aqui temos em mente a rela����o de Schopenhauer com as filosofias anteriores (em especial a de Kant) e a fundamenta����o de sua intui����o do mundo como Vontade baseada em uma epistemologia de ra��zes kantianas.

O ACERTO DE CONTAS DE DIDEROT COM O CETICISMO

RESUMO: Este artigo �� o segundo de uma tr��ade que trata do di��logo, mais precisamente do envolvimento, entre a filosofia de Denis Diderot e o ceticismo. O primeiro artigo, intitulado ���O jovem Diderot e o ceticismo dos Pensamentos���, foi publicado na revista Dois Pontos, em sua edi����o dedicada ao tema do ceticismo (cf. PIVA, 2007), e limitou-se a uma an��lise minuciosa do problema da postura c��tica nos Pensamentos filos��ficos, de 1746. O presente artigo, por seu turno, examina duas quest��es fundamentais, desta vez em O passeio do c��tico ou As alamedas, de 1747, ��ltimo livro em que o ceticismo �� evocado com destaque pelo enciclopedista, dois anos antes de ele render-se definitivamente ao materialismo ateu: 1) a interpreta����o que Diderot desenvolve do ceticismo e 2) sua posi����o diante dele. J�� o terceiro e derradeiro texto da tr��ade examinar�� ��� evidentemente, numa pr��xima oportunidade ��� a presen��a do ceticismo no pensamento diderotiano da maturidade, ou seja, no per��odo que se inicia em 1749, com a reda����o da Carta sobre os cegos, quando a quest��o da d��vida c��tica passa a perder em suas obras a relev��ncia que tinha na origem de suas reflex��es, mudando, at�� mesmo, de registro.

Locke, on freedom and will

This article aims to discuss Locke`s compatibilism, that is, the lokean thesis that freedom is compatible with the natural necessity. To this end, it is analized the chapter Of The Power (XXI, book II of the An Essay concerning Human Understanding), in which Locke clarifies the concepts of freedom and will. Although Locke, at times, involves himself with the incongruent thesis on compatibilism, he is a compatibilist. The impression that Locke would defend incompatibilists` theories ends up being abandoned when we analyze carefully his general argument about will and freedom. Locke literally defends that the volunteer does not differ from the necessary. As a compatibilist, Locke maintains that will is not free. Thus, the free man can not be the one that is free to want. A man regarded as a free agent is the one that has freedom of action, not freedom of will.