Analytic Methods for the Logic of Proofs

The logic of proofs (lp) was proposed as Gdels missed link between Intuitionistic and S4-proofs, but so far the tableau-based methods proposed for lp have not explored this closeness with S4 and contain rules whose analycity is not immediately evident. We study possible formulations of analytic tableau proof methods for lp that preserve the subformula property. Two sound and complete tableau decision methods of increasing degree of analycity are proposed, KELP and preKELP. The latter is particularly inspired on S4-proofs. The crucial role of proof constants in the structure of lp-proofs methods is analysed. In particular, a method for the abduction of proof constant specifications in strongly analytic preKELP proofs is presented; abduction heuristics and the complexity of the method are discussed.

Hyperfunctions and (analytic) hypoellipticity

In this work we discuss the problem of smooth and analytic regularity for hyperfunction solutions to linear partial differential equations with analytic coefficients. In particular we show that some well known ""sum of squares"" operators, which satisfy Hormander`s condition and consequently are hypoelliptic, admit hyperfunction solutions that are not smooth (in particular they are not distributions).

Effect of different cleansers on the weight and ion release of removable partial denture: an in vitro study

OBJECTIVE: Removable partial dentures (RPD) require different hygiene care, and association of brushing and chemical cleansing is the most recommended to control biofilm formation. However, the effect of cleansers has not been evaluated in RPD metallic components. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of different denture cleansers on the weight and ion release of RPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five specimens (12x3 mm metallic disc positioned in a 38x18x4 mm mould filled with resin), 7 cleanser agents [Periogard (PE), Cepacol (CE), Corega Tabs (CT), Medical Interporous (MI), Polident (PO), 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and distilled water (DW) (control)] and 2 cobalt-chromium alloys [DeguDent (DD), and VeraPDI (VPDI)] were used for each experimental situation. One hundred and eighty immersions were performed and the weight was analyzed with a high precision analytic balance. Data were recorded before and after the immersions. The ion release was analyzed using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that CT and MI had higher values of weight loss with higher change in VPDI alloy compared to DD. The solutions that caused more ion release were NaOCl and MI. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that 0.05% NaOCl and Medical Interporous tablets are not suitable as auxiliary chemical solutions for RPD care.

Integra����o vertical como estrat��gia de apropria����o de valor: um estudo explorat��rio no canal de distribui����o de produtos agr��colas

Neste artigo, investiga-se a ado����o de canais alternativos para a comercializa����o de produtos agr��colas como forma de atenuar o poder, cada vez maior, exercido pelas grandes redes varejistas. O artigo investiga a decis��o - e os efeitos da�� decorrentes - de uma determinada empresa sediada no interior paulista, agr��cola Pedra Branca, quanto �� operacionaliza����o verticalizada de uma butique de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLVs). Consciente dos novos padr��es demandados pelo consumidor, a estrat��gia da empresa alvo do estudo foi combinar a oferta regular de produtos frescos, de qualidade intr��nseca padronizada e pre��os atrativos, a um servi��o diferenciado, baseado em um alto valor na experi��ncia de compra. Esta estrat��gia fundamenta-se no anseio dos consumidores de, mais do que simplesmente adquirir produtos, experimentar sensa����es, as quais vividas em momentos de lazer exerceriam um grande poder de diferencia����o. Realizou-se um estudo de caso baseado em entrevistas em profundidade semiestruturadas com diretores e gerentes da empresa. Como resultado, as evid��ncias emp��ricas sugerem: 1) a verticaliza����o (integra����o vertical) da atividade de comercializa����o como uma alternativa para a apropria����o de valor da produ����o ao longo do canal de distribui����o; e 2) o desafio da gest��o do suprimento como requisito-chave para a adequada gest��o do valor de uma marca. Considera-se oportuno lembrar, por��m, que, em decorr��ncia das limita����es pr��prias da metodologia de estudos de caso, estas tais evid��ncias devem ser entendidas como proposi����o a ser testada em trabalhos quantitativos futuros, ou mesmo melhor embasada via condu����o de estudos multicaso.

Magnetiza����o remanescente: um par��metro crucial para a interpreta����o e modelamento de anomalias magn��ticas em territ��rio brasileiro

A quest��o da magnetiza����o remanescente na interpreta����o de anomalias magn��ticas �� frequentemente negligenciada, principalmente em fun����o da dificuldade em se lidar com a mesma. Na maioria dos casos, tanto nos trabalhos acad��micos quanto nos modelos que circulam nos meios profissionais da explora����o mineral e de petr��leo, assume-se que a magnetiza����o remanescente �� desprez��vel e utiliza-se apenas a induzida. O presente artigo mostra que o uso desse par��metro �� particularmente importante no tocante ��s anomalias magn��ticas brasileiras, e procura fornecer subs��dios para o uso desta informa����o. Discute-se o uso de duas t��cnicas consagradas, a Redu����o ao P��lo e o Sinal Anal��tico, em anomalias brasileiras com e sem magnetiza����o remanescente. Mostramos a aplica����o da t��cnica de determina����o da magnetiza����o total, permitindo que os modelos sejam constru��dos a partir da resultante da soma das magnetiza����es induzida e remanescente, e posteriormente apresentamos uma metodologia de uso da informa����o remanescente na data����o das rochas fonte.

Novos paradigmas e velhos discursos: analisando processos de adolescentes em conflito com a lei

Este artigo evidencia an��lises contidas na disserta����o cujo objetivo foi analisar os discursos dos operadores jur��dico-sociais em processos judiciais de Varas da Inf��ncia e Juventude de duas cidades brasileiras. Os direitos das crian��as e adolescentes, a quest��o social e a an��lise do discurso configuraram-se como referenciais te��ricos e de an��lise. Resultados evidenciaram discursos de prote����o e revelaram tamb��m a inten����o de puni����o. A quest��o social foi ignorada pelos operadores a despeito dos contextos em que ocorreram as infra����es.

��ndice h de docentes em Sa��de Coletiva no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Estimar valores de refer��ncia e fun����o de hierarquia de docentes em Sa��de Coletiva do Brasil por meio de an��lise da distribui����o do ��ndice h. M��TODOS: A partir do portal da Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior, 934 docentes foram identificados em 2008, dos quais 819 foram analisados. O ��ndice h de cada docente foi obtido na Web of Science mediante algoritmos de busca com controle para homon��mias e alternativas de grafia de nome. Para cada regi��o e para o Brasil como um todo ajustou-se fun����o densidade de probabilidade exponencial aos par��metros m��dia e taxa de decr��scimo por regi��o. Foram identificadas medidas de posi����o e, com o complemento da fun����o probabilidade acumulada, fun����o de hierarquia entre autores conforme o ��ndice h por regi��o. RESULTADOS: Dos docentes, 29,8% n��o tinham qualquer registro de cita����o (h = 0). A m��dia de h para o Pa��s foi 3,1, com maior m��dia na regi��o Sul (4,7). A mediana de h para o Pa��s foi 2,1, tamb��m com maior mediana na Sul (3,2). Para uma padroniza����o de popula����o de autores em cem, os primeiros colocados para o Pa��s devem ter h = 16; na estratifica����o por regi��o, a primeira posi����o demanda valores mais altos no Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul, sendo nesta ��ltima h = 24. CONCLUS��ES: Avaliados pelos ��ndices h da Web of Science, a maioria dos autores em Sa��de Coletiva n��o supera h = 5. H�� diferen��as entres as regi��es, com melhor desempenho para a Sul e valores semelhantes entre Sudeste e Nordeste.

Associa����o entre excesso de peso e h��bito de fumar, Santar��m, PA, 2007

OBJETIVO: Estudar associa����o entre excesso de peso e h��bito de fumar. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal desenvolvido por telefone numa amostra probabil��stica de adultos (Santar��m /PA), em 2007. Vari��vel desfecho foi excesso de peso, explanat��ria h��bito de fumar e de confus��o idade, escolaridade, uni��o conjugal, estado nutricional pr��vio, abuso de bebidas alco��licas, atividade f��sica no lazer e padr��o alimentar. Associa����o entre excesso de peso e demais vari��veis foi investigada pelo teste do qui-quadrado e regress��o de Poisson para o c��lculo das raz��es de preval��ncia de excesso de peso conforme h��bito de fumar, considerando-se tr��s n��veis de hierarquia: caracter��sticas sociodemogr��ficas, estado nutricional pr��vio e padr��o comportamental. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 40,6% de excesso de peso e 16,4% de fumantes. As vari��veis associadas ao excesso de peso foram: maior idade, menor escolaridade, uni��o conjugal est��vel, excesso de peso aos 20 anos e h��bito de n��o consumo de refrigerante para ambos os sexos; n��o ativo no lazer para homens e h��bito de fumar (atual e passado) para mulheres. As raz��es de preval��ncia de excesso de peso n��o apresentaram associa����o com h��bito de fumar para homens, por��m para mulheres houve tend��ncia de maior preval��ncia de excesso de peso para fumantes atuais, chegando a 2,56 vezes mais do que para nunca fumantes e ex-fumantes. CONCLUS��O: Este estudo constatou que a preval��ncia de excesso de peso foi maior para mulheres fumantes, comparativamente ��s ex-fumantes e nunca fumantes. Para os homens n��o se observou nenhuma associa����o entre excesso de peso e tabagismo.

Self-medication: initial treatments used by patients seen in an ophthalmologic emergency room

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to identify practices of self-medication in the treatment of ocular emergencies. We examine patients' use of both homemade preparations and manufactured products before seeking specialized care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analytic survey of consecutive patients seen in the ophthalmology emergency room of a teaching hospital. RESULTS: The sample included 561 subjects, 51.3% males and 48.7% females, with a mean age of 39.8 years. Prior to seeking emergency care, 40.5% reported self-medicating; 29.4% used a homemade preparation (13.9% referred to an industrialized product like boric acid as a homemade preparation), and 11.1% used a manufactured product. The most frequently used products included a boric acid solution (53.3%), a normal saline solution (35.7%), herbal infusions (6.1%) and breast milk (4.8%). Viral conjunctivitis was the most frequent diagnosis (24.4%), followed by the presence of a corneal foreign body (7.4%). No significant differences were found in the self-treatment of ocular injuries according to gender (p = 0.95), level of education (p = 0.21) or age (p = 0.14). In addition, self-medication practices were not related to the medically judged severity of the condition. CONCLUSION: Patients often attempt to treat conditions that require ophthalmologic emergency care by self-medicating with homemade or manufactured products. The most widely used products include boric acid, normal saline, leaf infusions and breast milk. This behavior occurs independently of educational level, gender, age or the nature of the ocular condition. Self-medication is a culturally driven practice that is used even in cases of acute ocular injuries.

A primeira planta cartogr��fica da cidade de S��o Paulo

The first known plan of the city of Sao Paulo, made in 1810 by Rufino Felizardo e Costa, is analyzed with emphasis on the cartographic and astronomical details: the precision, scale, magnetic declination, and orientation in relation to the north, the prime meridian, the precision of the coordinates (latitude and longitude) and others. An analytic methodology is followed, observing the plan and formulating questions. To answer then, resources of modern technologies are employed (digital cartography, GPS) as well as knowledge of the history of cartography. The work is justified by the fact that there are no cartographic studies about this important document.

Analytical solutions for Tokamak equilibria with reversed toroidal current

In tokamaks, an advanced plasma confinement regime has been investigated with a central hollow electric current with negative density which gives rise to non-nested magnetic surfaces. We present analytical solutions for the magnetohydrodynamic equilibria of this regime in terms of non-orthogonal toroidal polar coordinates. These solutions are obtained for large aspect ratio tokamaks and they are valid for any kind of reversed hollow current density profiles. The zero order solution of the poloidal magnetic flux function describes nested toroidal magnetic surfaces with a magnetic axis displaced due to the toroidal geometry. The first order correction introduces a poloidal field asymmetry and, consequently, magnetic islands arise around the zero order surface with null poloidal magnetic flux gradient. An analytic expression for the magnetic island width is deduced in terms of the equilibrium parameters. We give examples of the equilibrium plasma profiles and islands obtained for a class of current density profile. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3624551]

New constraints on muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino transitions in MINOS

This paper reports results from a search for nu(mu) -> nu(e) transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a 7 x 10(20) protons-on-target exposure. Our observation of 54 candidate nu(e) events in the far detector with a background of 49.1 +/- 7.0(stat) +/- 2.7(syst) events predicted by the measurements in the near detector requires 2sin(2)(2 theta(13))sin(2)theta(23) < 0.12(0.20) at the 90% C.L. for the normal (inverted) mass hierarchy at delta(CP) = 0. The experiment sets the tightest limits to date on the value of theta(13) for nearly all values of delta(CP) for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy and maximal sin(2)(2 theta(23)).

Two-dimensional supersonic nonlinear Schrodinger flow past an extended obstacle

Supersonic flow of a superfluid past a slender impenetrable macroscopic obstacle is studied in the framework of the two-dimensional (2D) defocusing nonlinear Schroumldinger (NLS) equation. This problem is of fundamental importance as a dispersive analog of the corresponding classical gas-dynamics problem. Assuming the oncoming flow speed is sufficiently high, we asymptotically reduce the original boundary-value problem for a steady flow past a slender body to the one-dimensional dispersive piston problem described by the nonstationary NLS equation, in which the role of time is played by the stretched x coordinate and the piston motion curve is defined by the spatial body profile. Two steady oblique spatial dispersive shock waves (DSWs) spreading from the pointed ends of the body are generated in both half planes. These are described analytically by constructing appropriate exact solutions of the Whitham modulation equations for the front DSW and by using a generalized Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule for the oblique dark soliton fan in the rear DSW. We propose an extension of the traditional modulation description of DSWs to include the linear ""ship-wave"" pattern forming outside the nonlinear modulation region of the front DSW. Our analytic results are supported by direct 2D unsteady numerical simulations and are relevant to recent experiments on Bose-Einstein condensates freely expanding past obstacles.

Elastic Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig model and some properties of nematic elastomers

We introduce a simple mean-field lattice model to describe the behavior of nematic elastomers. This model combines the Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig approach to liquid crystals and an extension to lattice systems of the Warner-Terentjev theory of elasticity, with the addition of quenched random fields. We use standard techniques of statistical mechanics to obtain analytic solutions for the full range of parameters. Among other results, we show the existence of a stress-strain coexistence curve below a freezing temperature, analogous to the P-V diagram of a simple fluid, with the disorder strength playing the role of temperature. Below a critical value of disorder, the tie lines in this diagram resemble the experimental stress-strain plateau and may be interpreted as signatures of the characteristic polydomain-monodomain transition. Also, in the monodomain case, we show that random fields may soften the first-order transition between nematic and isotropic phases, provided the samples are formed in the nematic state.

Lepton sector of a fourth generation

In extensions of the standard model with a heavy fourth generation, one important question is what makes the fourth-generation lepton sector, particularly the neutrinos, so different from the lighter three generations. We study this question in the context of models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped extra dimensions, where the flavor hierarchy is generated by choosing the localization of the zero-mode fermions in the extra dimension. In this setup the Higgs sector is localized near the infrared brane, whereas the Majorana mass term is localized at the ultraviolet brane. As a result, light neutrinos are almost entirely Majorana particles, whereas the fourth-generation neutrino is mostly a Dirac fermion. We show that it is possible to obtain heavy fourth-generation leptons in regions of parameter space where the light neutrino masses and mixings are compatible with observation. We study the impact of these bounds, as well as the ones from lepton flavor violation, on the phenomenology of these models.