Stability and relapse of maxillary anterior crowding treatment in Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions

Introduction: The maxillary anterior teeth are the most important to facial esthetics because they are the first to show on a smile. Therefore, stability of the maxillary anterior teeth alignment is an important issue. The objective of this study was to compare the stability of maxillary anterior tooth alignment in Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions. Methods: The sample comprised dental casts of 70 patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions and a minimum of 3 mm of maxillary anterior crowding measured by an irregularity index. The patients were treated with extractions and evaluated at pretreatment and posttreatment and at least 5 years after treatment. The sample was divided into 3 groups: group 1, Class I malocclusion treated with 4 first premolar extractions comprising 30 subjects, with an initial age of 13.16 years and 8.59 mm of initial maxillary irregularity; group 2, Class II malocclusion treated with 4 first premolar extractions comprising 20 subjects, with an initial age of 12.95 years and 11.10 mm of maxillary irregularity; and group 3, Class II malocclusion treated with 2 first maxillary premolar extractions comprising 20 subjects, with an initial age of 13.09 years and 9.68 mm of maxillary irregularity. Results: The decrease in the maxillary irregularity index was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 during treatment. The stability of maxillary anterior alignment was 88.12% over the long term; 77% of the linear displacement of the anatomic contact points tended to return to their original positions. Conclusions: Stability of maxillary anterior alignment between the 3 groups was similar. The stability of maxillary anterior alignment was high over the long term, but a high percentage of teeth tended to return to their original positions. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139: 768-74)

Survival and quality of life of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer at 1-year follow-up of tumor resection

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the survival and life quality evolution of patients subjected to surgical excision of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients treated at a Brazilian healthcare unit specialized in head and neck surgery between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled in the study. The gathering of data comprised reviewing hospital files and applying the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire previously and 1 year after the surgery. Comparative analysis used Poisson regression to assess factors associated with survival and a paired t-test to compare preoperative and 1-year postoperative QOL ratings. RESULTS: 1 year after surgery, 7 patients were not found (dropout of the cohort); 15 had died and 25 fulfilled the UW-QOL again. The risk of death was associated with having regional metastasis previously to surgery (relative risk=2.18; 95% confidence interval=1.09-5.17) and tumor size T3 or T4 (RR=2.30; 95%CI=1.05-5.04). Survivors presented significantly (p<0.05) poorer overall and domain-specific ratings of quality of life. Chewing presented the largest reduction: from 74.0 before surgery to 34.0 one year later. Anxiety was the only domain whose average rating increased (from 36.0 to 70.7). CONCLUSIONS: The prospective assessment of survival and quality of life may contribute to anticipate interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of functional limitations in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

Recalled and recorded bowel habits confirm early onset and high frequency of constipation in day-care nursery children

CONTEXT: Mothers recall early-onset constipation in children attending gastroenterology clinics. OBJECTIVES: To study the bowel habit of young children in the community to determine, first, whether early-onset constipation is confirmed in this setting and, second, the agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit. METHODS:Defecation data of 57 children aged 6.0-40.7 mo were obtained by maternal recall (questionnaire on predominant stool characteristics) and by record (1,934 defecations registered prospectively at home and in the nursery). The bowel habit was classified according to stool frequency and proportion of stool characteristics (soft, hard and/or runny). Two criteria were used to classify recorded data, since the cutoff point for hard stools to identify constipation is undefined in children: predominant criterion and adult criterion, respectively with >50% and >25% of stools with altered consistency. Bowel habit categories were: adequate, constipation, functional diarrhea and "other bowel habit". Nonparametric statistics, and the Kappa index for agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit, were used. RESULTS: Constipation occurred in 17.5%, 10.5%, 19.3% of the children by recall, the predominant and the adult criteria, respectively. Constipation was the main recalled alteration, vs 12.3% "other bowel habit". Only one child classified as having functional diarrhea (by the adult criterion). Agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit was fair for constipation, by the predominant and the adult criteria (K = 0.28 and 0.24, respectively), but only slight (K <0.16) for other bowel habit categories. Individual data, however, pointed to a better relationship between recalled constipation and the adult rather than the predominant criterion. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent early-onset constipation was confirmed. Fair agreement between recalled and recorded constipation by the two used criteria indicates that recalled data are quite reliable to detect constipation.

Some aspects of acetylation of untreated and mercerized sisal cellulose

We report here on some aspects of the acetylation in LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide, DMAc, of untreated and mercerized sisal cellulose, hereafter designated as sisal and M-sisal, respectively. Fiber mercerization by NaOH solution has resulted in the following changes: 29.9% decrease in the index of crystallinity; 16.2% decrease in the degree of polymerization and 9.3% increase in &#945;-cellulose content. A light scattering study of solutions of sisal, M-sisal, microcrystalline and cotton celluloses in LiCl/DMAc has shown that they are present as aggregates, with (an apparent) average aggregation numbers of 5.2, 3.2, 9.8, and 35.3, respectively. The presence of these aggregates affects the accessibility of cellulose during its functionalization. A study of the evolution of the degree of substitution, DS, of cellulose acetate as a function of reaction time showed an increase up to 5 h, followed by a decrease at 7 h. Possible reasons for this decrease are discussed. As expected, M-sisal gave a higher DS that its untreated counterpart.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-pyrimidine and 1-carboxamidino-1H-pyrazole derivatives

Five previously synthesized 4-trifluoromethyl-2-(5-aryl-3-styryl-1H-pyrazol-1yl)-pyrimidines and six 5-aryl-3-styryl-1-carboxamidino-1H-pyrazole derivatives were screened for their antioxidant proprieties. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by using the DPPH and the HRP/luminol/H2O2 chemiluminescence assay systems and for their antimicrobial activity (MIC). The results were good for those series in some concentration in comparison with the standards.

��ndice h de docentes em Sa��de Coletiva no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Estimar valores de refer��ncia e fun����o de hierarquia de docentes em Sa��de Coletiva do Brasil por meio de an��lise da distribui����o do ��ndice h. M��TODOS: A partir do portal da Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior, 934 docentes foram identificados em 2008, dos quais 819 foram analisados. O ��ndice h de cada docente foi obtido na Web of Science mediante algoritmos de busca com controle para homon��mias e alternativas de grafia de nome. Para cada regi��o e para o Brasil como um todo ajustou-se fun����o densidade de probabilidade exponencial aos par��metros m��dia e taxa de decr��scimo por regi��o. Foram identificadas medidas de posi����o e, com o complemento da fun����o probabilidade acumulada, fun����o de hierarquia entre autores conforme o ��ndice h por regi��o. RESULTADOS: Dos docentes, 29,8% n��o tinham qualquer registro de cita����o (h = 0). A m��dia de h para o Pa��s foi 3,1, com maior m��dia na regi��o Sul (4,7). A mediana de h para o Pa��s foi 2,1, tamb��m com maior mediana na Sul (3,2). Para uma padroniza����o de popula����o de autores em cem, os primeiros colocados para o Pa��s devem ter h = 16; na estratifica����o por regi��o, a primeira posi����o demanda valores mais altos no Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul, sendo nesta ��ltima h = 24. CONCLUS��ES: Avaliados pelos ��ndices h da Web of Science, a maioria dos autores em Sa��de Coletiva n��o supera h = 5. H�� diferen��as entres as regi��es, com melhor desempenho para a Sul e valores semelhantes entre Sudeste e Nordeste.

Avalia����o nutricional e risco cardiovascular em executivos submetidos a check-up

OBJETIVO: Avaliar estado nutricional e risco cardiovascular de executivos. M��TODOS: Estudo transversal. Foram avaliados 329 executivos de ambos os g��neros, com idade entre 31 e 70 anos, submetidos a check-up de sa��de em hospital privado do munic��pio de S��o Paulo. Foram mensuradas as vari��veis referentes a peso, estatura e circunfer��ncia da cintura (CC) e determinado o ��ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Foram analisados press��o arterial, n��veis s��ricos de colesterol total e fra����es, triacilglicerol, glicose e ��cido ��rico. Pr��tica habitual de atividade f��sica foi avaliada por meio do Question��rio Internacional de Atividade F��sica (IPAQ) e o risco cardiovascular pelo Escore de Framingham. A an��lise de vari��ncia e o m��todo de Bonferroni foram utilizados para o tratamento estat��stico. RESULTADOS: M��dia de idade foi 44,6 anos (DP=6,8), predominando o g��nero masculino (89,7%). Quanto ao estilo de vida, 17% eram tabagistas e 7,3% sedent��rios. Os resultados m��dios encontrados para os exames cl��nicos e bioqu��micos foram: press��o arterial 117,8 x 78,6 mmHg (DP=12 x 8,3), colesterol total 200,5 mg/dL (DP=35,9), LDL-c 121,8 mg/dL (DP=29,9), HDL-c 52,2 mg/dL (DP=10,9), triacilglicerol 133,7 mg/dL (DP=76,8), glicose 96,3 mg/dL (DP=20,5) e ��cido ��rico 6,0 e 4,2 mg/dL (DP=1,0 e 0,9) para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. O IMC m��dio foi de excesso de peso (26,1kg/m��; DP=6,8). A CC m��dia estava normal entre as mulheres (79,6cm; DP=7,3) e indicou risco elevado para doen��as cr��nicas entre os homens (96,1cm; DP=8,9). O Risco de Framingham m��dio foi de 5,7%. CONCLUS��O: Os executivos estavam com excesso de peso e apresentaram baixo risco cardiovascular.

Composi����o qu��mica do feij��o caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), cultivar BRS-Mil��nio

O feij��o caupi �� uma das principais culturas alimentares do Nordeste brasileiro. Para melhorar sua resist��ncia contra pragas e produtividade, a nova cultivar (BRS-Mil��nio) foi obtida por melhoramento gen��tico. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o potencial nutricional desta variedade, determinando-se a composi����o centesimal, o perfil de amino��cidos e ��cidos graxos, o conte��do de minerais e a atividade inibit��ria de tripsina. A semente cont��m (g.100 g-1): 24,5 de prote��nas; 51,4 de carboidratos; 16,6 de fibra insol��vel e 2,7 de fibra sol��vel; 2,6 de cinzas, tendo como principais minerais (mg.100 g-1): ferro - 6,8; zinco - 4,1; mangan��s - 1,5; f��sforo - 510,0 e pot��ssio - 1430,0. O teor de lip��dios foi de 2,2%, e seu perfil de ��cidos graxos apresenta 29,4% de saturados e 70,7% de insaturados. Foi estimado valor cal��rico de 323,4 kcal.100 g-1 de semente. Encontrou-se baixa atividade inibit��ria de tripsina (8,0 UIT.mg-1 de amostra). O perfil de amino��cidos foi favor��vel ao padr��o de refer��ncia, exceto pela defici��ncia de sulfurados, sugerindo a necessidade da combina����o desta leguminosa com outras fontes alimentares. Os resultados indicam que o feij��o caupi possui atributos desej��veis como altos teores de energia, prote��nas, fibras e minerais, baixa atividade inibit��ria de tripsina e, apesar de reduzido conte��do lip��dico, cont��m alta propor����o de ��cidos graxos insaturados.

Situa����o epidemiol��gica da brucelose bovina no Estado de Sergipe

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situa����o epidemiol��gica da brucelose bovina no Estado de Sergipe. O Estado foi estratificado em dois circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito produtor foram amostradas aleatoriamente cerca de 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas foi escolhido de forma aleat��ria um n��mero pr��-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total foram amostrados 4.757 animais, provenientes de 590 propriedades. Em cada propriedade amostrada foi aplicado um question��rio epidemiol��gico para verificar o tipo de explora����o da propriedade e as pr��ticas zoot��cnicas e sanit��rias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infec����o pela doen��a. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do ant��geno acidificado tamponado e a confirma����o dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo, se pelo menos um animal foi reagente ��s duas provas sorol��gicas. A preval��ncia de focos e a de animais foram: 12,6% [9,2-16,0%] e 3,4% [2,3-4,4%], respectivamente. As preval��ncias de focos e de animais infectados para os circuitos pecu��rios foram: circuito 1, 11,1% [7,9-15,0%] e 2,6% [1,6-3,5%]; circuito 2, 12,9% [9,1-17,6%] e 6,2% [3,0-9,5%]. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados �� condi����o de foco foram: assist��ncia veterin��ria (OR= 2,89 [1,15-7,23]), tamanho do rebanho &#8805;30 f��meas adultas (OR= 1,88 [1,07-3,28]) e uso de insemina����o artificial (OR= 1,92 [0,84-4,38]).

Situa����o epidemiol��gica da brucelose bovina no Estado de Goi��s

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situa����o epidemiol��gica da brucelose no Estado de Goi��s. O Estado foi estratificado em tr��s circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito foram amostradas aleatoriamente 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido de forma aleat��ria um n��mero pr��-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 10.744 animais, provenientes de 900 propriedades. Em cada propriedade visitada aplicou-se um question��rio epidemiol��gico para verificar o tipo de explora����o e as pr��ticas de cria����o e sanit��rias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infec����o pela doen��a. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do ant��geno acidificado tamponado e a confirma����o dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo quando pelo menos um animal foi reagente ��s duas provas sorol��gicas. No estrato 1, a preval��ncia foi de 7,7% [4,7-10,7%] para propriedades, e de 1,4% [0,99-1,7%] para animais. No estrato 2, foi de 19,5% [15,0-24,0%] para propriedades e de 2,6% [2,0-3,1%] para animais. No estrato 3, foi de 21,4% [16,7-26,1] para propriedades e 4,3% [3,7-5,0%] para animais. A preval��ncia obtida para o Estado foi de 17,5% [14,9-20,2%] para propriedades e de 3,0% [2,7-3,3%] para animais. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados �� condi����o de foco, segundo a an��lise multivariada, foram: compra de reprodutores a comerciantes de gado (OR = 2,06 [1,12-3,52]), ocorr��ncia de abortos nos ��ltimos 12 meses (OR = 5,83 [3,86-8,8]) e pr��tica de vacina����o contra brucelose (OR = 2,07 [1,38-3,09]). Tanto a ocorr��ncia de aborto quanto a vacina����o s��o, neste caso, consequ��ncia da presen��a de brucelose no rebanho.

Lung hyperinflation stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators in spontaneously breathing subjects

Lung hyperinflation up to vital capacity is used to re-expand collapsed lung areas and to improve gas exchange during general anesthesia. However, it may induce inflammation in normal lungs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a lung hyperinflation maneuver (LHM) on plasma cytokine release in 10 healthy subjects (age: 26.1 �� 1.2 years, BMI: 23.8 �� 3.6 kg/m��). LHM was performed applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a face mask, increased by 3-cmH2O steps up to 20 cmH2O every 5 breaths. At CPAP 20 cmH2O, an inspiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O above CPAP was applied, reaching an airway pressure of 40 cmH2O for 10 breaths. CPAP was then decreased stepwise. Blood samples were collected before and 2 and 12 h after LHM. TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured by flow cytometry. Lung hyperinflation significantly increased (P < 0.05) all measured cytokines (TNF-&#945;: 1.2 �� 3.8 vs 6.4 �� 8.6 pg/mL; IL-1&#946;: 4.9 �� 15.6 vs 22.4 �� 28.4 pg/mL; IL-6: 1.4 �� 3.3 vs 6.5 �� 5.6 pg/mL; IL-8: 13.2 �� 8.8 vs 33.4 �� 26.4 pg/mL; IL-10: 3.3 �� 3.3 vs 7.7 �� 6.5 pg/mL, and IL-12: 3.1 �� 7.9 vs 9 �� 11.4 pg/mL), which returned to basal levels 12 h later. A significant correlation was found between changes in pro- (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines (r = 0.89, P = 0.004). LHM-induced lung stretching was associated with an early inflammatory response in healthy spontaneously breathing subjects.

Troponina card��aca T para estratifica����o de risco na insufici��ncia card��aca cr��nica descompensada

FUNDAMENTO: As troponinas card��acas s��o marcadores altamente sens��veis e espec��ficos de les��o mioc��rdica. Esses marcadores foram detectados na insufici��ncia card��aca (IC) e est��o associadas com mau progn��stico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a rela����o da troponina T (cTnT) e suas faixas de valores com o progn��stico na IC descompensada. M��TODOS: Estudaram-se 70 pacientes com piora da IC cr��nica que necessitaram de hospitaliza����o. Na admiss��o, o modelo de Cox foi utilizado para avaliar as vari��veis capazes de predizer o desfecho composto por morte ou re-hospitaliza����o em raz��o de piora da IC durante um ano. RESULTADOS: Durante o seguimento, ocorreram 44 mortes, 36 re-hospitaliza����es por IC e 56 desfechos compostos. Na an��lise multivariada, os preditores de eventos cl��nicos foram: cTnT (cTnT > 0,100 ng/ml; hazard ratio (HR) 3,95 intervalo de confian��a (IC) 95%: 1,64-9,49, p = 0,002), di��metro diast��lico final do ventr��culo esquerdo (DDVE >70 mm; HR 1,92, IC95%: 1,06-3,47, p = 0,031) e s��dio s��rico (Na <135 mEq/l; HR 1,79, IC95%: 1,02-3,15, p = 0,044). Para avaliar a rela����o entre a eleva����o da cTnT e o progn��stico na IC descompensada, os pacientes foram estratificados em tr��s grupos: cTnT-baixo (cTnT < 0,020 ng/ml, n = 22), cTnT-intermedi��rio (cTnT > 0,020 e < 0,100 ng/ml, n = 36) e cTnT-alto (cTnT > 0,100 ng/ml, n = 12). As probabilidades de sobrevida e sobrevida livre de eventos foram: 54,2%, 31,5%, 16,7% (p = 0,020), e 36,4%, 11,5%, 8,3% (p = 0,005), respectivamente. CONCLUS��O: A eleva����o da cTnT est�� associada com mau progn��stico na IC descompensada, e o grau dessa eleva����o pode facilitar a estratifica����o de risco

Eventos de vida produtores de estresse e queixas de ins��nia entre auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universit��rio no Rio de Janeiro: estudo Pr��-Sa��de

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associa����o entre eventos de vida produtores de estresse (EVPE) e queixas de ins��nia (QI). M��TODOS: Foram analisados dados seccionais de 695 auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universit��rio, participantes do Estudo Pr��-Sa��de - coorte de funcion��rios de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro. As informa����es foram obtidas atrav��s de um question��rio multidimensional e autopreenchido, que avaliou a ocorr��ncia de EVPE nos ��ltimos 12 meses, vari��veis socioecon��micas e demogr��ficas e QI. As QI foram analisadas como desfecho polit��mico (frequente, ocasional, e ausente). Odds ratios brutos e ajustados foram calculados atrav��s de regress��o log��stica multinomial. RESULTADOS: A preval��ncia total de QI foi de 45,8% (16,7% frequentes e 29,1% ocasionais). Ap��s ajuste por sexo, idade, estado civil, renda familiar per capita e regime de trabalho, os EVPE associados com QI frequentes foram: "rompimento de rela����o amorosa" (OR = 3,32; IC95% 1,90 - 5,78), "ter tido problemas graves de sa��de" (OR = 2,82; IC95% 1,73 - 4,58); "dificuldades financeiras graves" (OR = 2,38; IC95% 1,46 - 3,88), e "mudan��a for��ada de moradia" (OR = 1,97; IC95% 1,02 - 3,79). Com rela����o ��s QI ocasionais, houve associa����o apenas com rompimento de rela����o amorosa (OR = 2,30; IC95% 1,42 - 3,74) e dificuldades financeiras graves (OR = 1,87; IC95% 1,27 - 2,75). CONCLUS��ES: Dada a responsabilidade com vidas humanas que os auxiliares de enfermagem assumem durante seu hor��rio de trabalho, nossos achados podem contribuir para a����es mais efetivas, por parte dos servi��os de sa��de ao trabalhador, para lidar com o estresse nessa categoria

Synthesis and total H-1- and C-13-NMR assignment of cephem derivatives for use in ADEPT approaches

We report the synthesis and total NMR characterization of 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[[[(4''-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-methyl]-8-oxo-7[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (5), a new cephalosporin derivative. This compound can be used as the carrier of a wide range of drugs containing an amino group. The preparation of the intermediate product, 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl-4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino) pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (6), as well as the synthesis of the antimalarial primaquine prodrug 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl-4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino) pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-5-dioxide (7) are also described, together with their total H-1- and C-13-NMR assignments.

Novel Primate-Specific Genes, RMEL 1, 2 and 3, with Highly Restricted Expression in Melanoma, Assessed by New Data Mining Tool

Melanoma is a highly aggressive and therapy resistant tumor for which the identification of specific markers and therapeutic targets is highly desirable. We describe here the development and use of a bioinformatic pipeline tool, made publicly available under the name of EST2TSE, for the in silico detection of candidate genes with tissue-specific expression. Using this tool we mined the human EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) database for sequences derived exclusively from melanoma. We found 29 UniGene clusters of multiple ESTs with the potential to predict novel genes with melanoma-specific expression. Using a diverse panel of human tissues and cell lines, we validated the expression of a subset of three previously uncharacterized genes (clusters Hs.295012, Hs.518391, and Hs.559350) to be highly restricted to melanoma/melanocytes and named them RMEL1, 2 and 3, respectively. Expression analysis in nevi, primary melanomas, and metastatic melanomas revealed RMEL1 as a novel melanocytic lineage-specific gene up-regulated during melanoma development. RMEL2 expression was restricted to melanoma tissues and glioblastoma. RMEL3 showed strong up-regulation in nevi and was lost in metastatic tumors. Interestingly, we found correlations of RMEL2 and RMEL3 expression with improved patient outcome, suggesting tumor and/or metastasis suppressor functions for these genes. The three genes are composed of multiple exons and map to 2q12.2, 1q25.3, and 5q11.2, respectively. They are well conserved throughout primates, but not other genomes, and were predicted as having no coding potential, although primate-conserved and human-specific short ORFs could be found. Hairpin RNA secondary structures were also predicted. Concluding, this work offers new melanoma-specific genes for future validation as prognostic markers or as targets for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat melanoma.