Pharmacopea de la Armada (1760), un libro singular para uso de los sanitarios navales del siglo XVIII

La Pharmacopea de la Armada, obra de Leandro de Vega, publicada en 1760 para uso de médicos y cirujanos de los buques y hospitales de la marina española a lo largo del siglo XVIII, está considerada como la primera farmacopea naval española. Su autor la define con un «catálogo de medicamentos pertenecientes a las enfermedades médicas», en definitiva un nomenclátor de fórmulas para la preparación de los medicamentos de mayor utilidad para los navegantes de la época, tanto de uso interno como externo. En el presente artículo se analiza en profundidad esta obra, reconocida su relevancia de fuente primaria, situándola en su contexto histórico, detallando el contenido de sus tratados, así como dando noticia biográfica de su autor e informando de la posición profesional y misión de sus destinatarios.

Steric and mass-induced sea level variations in the Mediterranean Sea revisited

The total sea level variation (SLV) is the combination of steric and mass␣induced SLV, whose exact shares are key to understanding the oceanic response to climate system changes. Total SLV can be observed by radar altimetry satellites such as TOPEX/POSEIDON and Jason 1/2. The steric SLV can be computed through temperature and salinity profiles from in situ measurements or from ocean general circulation models (OGCM), which can assimilate the said observations. The mass-induced SLV can be estimated from its time-variable gravity (TVG) signals. We revisit this problem in the Mediterranean Sea estimating the observed, steric, and mass-induced SLV, for the latter we analyze the latest TVG data set from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite mission launched in 2002, which is 3.5 times longer than in previous studies, with the application of a two-stage anisotropic filter to reduce the noise in high-degree and -order spherical harmonic coefficients. We confirm that the intra-annual total SLV are only produced by water mass changes, a fact explained in the literature as a result of the wind field around the Gibraltar Strait. The steric SLV estimated from the residual of “altimetry minus GRACE” agrees in phase with that estimated from OGCMs and in situ measurements, although showing a higher amplitude. The net water fluxes through both the straits of Gibraltar and Sicily have also been estimated accordingly.