Nostalgic representation of reality in television fiction: an empirical study based on the analysis of the Spanish television series Cuéntame cómo pasó

The Spanish transition from dictatorship to democracy is often described as an example of negotiation or agreement between the elites (Sánchez Cuenca and Aguilar, 2009: 433). Journalistic and political elites, aware of their important historical role, agreed a consensus on certain issues (democracy, constitution, amnesty) or characters (King Juan Carlos I), in order to ensure the stability of the democratic process (Zugasti, 2007, 2008). Television, which articulates the discourse of the masses, has been one of the basic means used to illustrate the development. Among the highlights of recent major audiovisual content, Cuéntame cómo pasó (2001-present) -a TV-series designed to explain changes with a nostalgic tone in Spanish society since 1968 until today- stands out. By choosing a random sample of episodes for this research we propose to verify the validity of the representation of the political process which contextualizes the series. By analyzing many elements, such as the opinions of the main characters, their personal, political and geographical situations, we try to show the construction of a focal point that sanctifies the official version. We also stress the pacifying and nostalgic tone, which constructs stereotypes and taboos about the process and which characterizes this series as a symbolic culmination of the democratization undertaken by the elites.

Gender portrayals in food commercials: a content analysis of Spanish television advertisements

Content analysis of media messages from a gender perspective has a long tradition. In the particular field of advertising, most of the researches have been focused on generic samples of advertisements or on the advertising traditionally associated to a masculine or a feminine audience. However, few authors have analyzed gender contents in food advertising, in spite of the close relationship between gender structures and the social processes of food purchase and preparation. Thus, gender representations in food advertising broadcast in Spanish television are analyzed in this article. The main results obtained show clear gender differences. For example, there is a clear predominance of masculine voices over and a more balanced situation regarding protagonists. Besides, feminine protagonists are more frequently located indoors, portrayed as attractive women and connected to advertising claims related to beauty or to the healthy qualities of the product.

Recepción, audiencias y consumo cultural en Venezuela (período: 2000-2011)

Analizamos el estado del arte de los estudios de recepción, audiencias y consumo cultural en Venezuela durante el período 2000-2011. Examinamos enfoques teóricos sobre el campo de la recepción mediática y cultural, desde las propuestas conceptuales de Aguirre, Barrios y Hernández Díaz. Se pudo constatar, en esta revisión documental, que los estudios de recepción en Venezuela abordan cuatro campos de estudio: 1) Educación para la recepción. 2) Influencia de la televisión. 3) Ciber-recepción. 4) Consumo cultural.

Audiencia tradicional frente a audiencia social: un análisis comparativo en el prime-time televisivo

La interacción de redes sociales y productos televisivos ha dado pie al nacimiento de la televisión social en la que el espectador participa activamente en el desarrollo de los espacios. Este fenómeno emergente está siendo objeto de múltiples investigaciones en el campo de las audiencias por las posibilidades y el potencial que supone para el medio a la hora de conocer e interactuar con los espectadores. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una comparación entre la audiencia real y la audiencia social (o impacto social) de los programas emitidos en prime-time durante varias semanas de los meses de abril y mayo de 2013. Esta investigación se centra en Twitter por ser la red social que concentra gran parte de los debates sobre televisión (Gallego, 2013). Para ello se plantean las siguientes hipótesis de partida: 1- No existe paralelismo entre los cinco programas más vistos en televisión con aquellos que se sitúan entre los cinco con mayor audiencia social del mismo día. 2- El éxito de un programa en audiencia social no depende exclusivamente de su formato. Para alcanzar los objetivos de la investigación se estudian los datos de audiencia real procedentes de Kantar Media, así como los de impacto social facilitados Tuitele y Global-In-Media.