A relaxation technique enhances psychological well-being and immune parameters in elderly people from a nursing home: A randomized controlled study

Background: The aging process involves a decline in immune functioning that renders elderly people more vulnerable to disease. In residential programs for the aged, it is vital to diminish their risk of disease, promote their independence, and augment their psychological well-being and quality of life. Methods: We performed a randomized controlled study, evaluating the ability of a relaxation technique based on Benson’s relaxation response to enhance psychological well-being and modulate the immune parameters of elderly people living in a geriatric residence when compared to a waitlist control group. The study included a 2-week intervention period and a 3-month follow-up period. The main outcome variables were psychological well-being and quality of life, biomedical variables, immune changes from the pre-treatment to post-treatment and follow-up periods. Results: Our findings reveal significant differences between the experimental and control groups in CD19, CD71, CD97, CD134, and CD137 lymphocyte subpopulations at the end of treatment. Furthermore, there was a decrease in negative affect, psychological discomfort, and symptom perception in the treatment group, which increased participants’ quality of life scores at the three-month follow-up. Conclusions: This study represents a first approach to the application of a passive relaxation technique in residential programs for the elderly. The method appears to be effective in enhancing psychological well-being and modulating immune activity in a group of elderly people. This relaxation technique could be considered an option for achieving health benefits with a low cost for residential programs, but further studies using this technique in larger samples of older people are needed to confirm the trends observed in the present study. Trial registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN85410212.

Postcolonial healing landscapes and mental health in a remote Indigenous community in subarctic Ontario, Canada

The concept of therapeutic landscape is concerned with a holistic, socio-ecological model of health, but most studies have attempted to explore land-health links from a Western perspective. On an Indigenous reserve in Northern Ontario, part of the Canadian subarctic, we explore the importance of spaces and places in creating postcolonial therapeutic landscapes to treat the wounds inflicted by colonialism. The aim of this research is to gain insight from views and experiences of First Nations residents living on reservations that are undergoing a process of regaining traditional spiritual beliefs and teachings to construct therapeutic spaces to face mental health problems caused by legal opioid analgesic abuse. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with Cree and Ojibwe participants to understand how they are reconnecting with earth, spirituality and traditional animist beliefs on their way to recovery. We find that practices such as taking part in ceremonies and ritual spaces, and seeking knowledge and advice from Elders assist with personal healing and enable Indigenous people to be physically and mentally healthy. Our research findings provide important insights into the relationship between space, healing and culture as determinants of health and well-being and document some key factors that contribute to substance abuse recovery.

Overexploitation, malnutrition and stigma in a woman's illness: chlorosis in contemporary Spanish medicine (1877-1936)

The work was financed by the Project: 'Antecedentes históricos de la nutrición comunitaria en España: los primeros intentos de institucionalización, 1923-1947' (HUM2005-04961-C03-01).

Environmental health, indigenous identity, cultural representations and the production of ecological consciousness in Northern Ontario

The primary goal of this research is to document local perspectives by presenting a set of commentaries and meanings, in the form of narratives, related to environmental health conceptions on an Oji-Cree reserve in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Through an ethnographic case study, this research explores how the modern-day production of a sociocentric and ecocentric self, as ethnic marker and moral category, is contributing to environmental/community health and well-being on Native reserves. Cultural representations of personhood and community based on the Medicine Wheel model, as a cognitive model, create an ontological paradigm that promotes a holistic foundation for human behaviour and interaction, as well as healthy, sustainable communities.

Evaluación del bienestar espiritual en pacientes en hemodiálisis

Introducción: Se define la espiritualidad como la búsqueda personal de propósito y significado en la vida, pudiendo incorporar o no la religión. En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo y la aplicación de una medida de bienestar espiritual a una muestra de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Material y métodos: El instrumento básico empleado se denomina Cuestionario del Sentido de la Vida (Meaning in Life Scale, MiLS), con 21 ítems y cuatro escalas: Propósito, Falta de significado, Paz y Beneficios de la espiritualidad. También se proporciona una puntuación global de espiritualidad. Además, se registraron variables de tipo clínico (tiempo en hemodiálisis, índice de comorbilidad de Charlson) y sociodemográfico (edad, género), así como estimaciones del estado de salud, calidad de vida (general y actual), felicidad personal, el grado de religiosidad y la creencia en la existencia de vida ultraterrena. Se ha utilizado un diseño transversal con 94 pacientes en hemodiálisis. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la versión española de este instrumento (MiLS-Sp) es una medida de bienestar espiritual con garantías psicométricas de calidad (fiabilidad, validez), adecuada para evaluar las complejas exigencias generadas por la problemática de salud del paciente en hemodiálisis. El bienestar espiritual se relaciona significativamente con diversas variables de calidad de vida, percepción de salud, felicidad personal o religiosidad. No existe una relación significativa entre las puntuaciones de espiritualidad y la edad, el sexo, el tiempo en diálisis o el índice de comorbilidad. El grado de bienestar espiritual de estos pacientes es relativamente bajo. Conclusión: La espiritualidad parece desempeñar un papel importante en el bienestar psicológico, el estado de salud y la calidad de vida percibidos por el paciente en hemodiálisis. El grado de bienestar espiritual de estos pacientes es relativamente bajo. Estos resultados sugieren que considerar y evaluar el grado de bienestar espiritual en los pacientes en hemodiálisis puede ser de utilidad para la práctica clínica.

Evaluación del bienestar espiritual en pacientes en cuidados paliativos

Objetivo: La evaluación del bienestar espiritual del paciente es un aspecto crítico y fundamental en la atención holística y multidisciplinar. Disponer de un instrumento válido de evaluación de la espiritualidad con finalidad tanto investigadora como clínica es muy conveniente. En este estudio se examina la presencia de bienestar espiritual, o sentido de la vida, en pacientes en cuidados paliativos a través de un cuestionario con garantías psicométricas de calidad. Pacientes y Métodos: Han participado en este estudio con diseño transversal un total de 60 pacientes en cuidados paliativos. El instrumento básico empleado ha sido la versión española del Cuestionario del Sentido de la Vida (Meaning in Life Scale), de 21 ítems y 4 escalas: Propósito, Falta de significado, Paz, y Beneficios de la espiritualidad. Se proporciona, también, una puntuación global de espiritualidad. Se registraron, además, variables de tipo clínico y sociodemográfico, así como estimaciones del estado de salud, calidad de vida (general y actual), felicidad personal, el grado de religiosidad y la creencia en la existencia de vida ultraterrena. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la versión española de este instrumento (Cuestionario del Sentido de la Vida [Meaning in Life Scale]) es una medida de bienestar espiritual con garantías psicométricas de calidad (buena fiabilidad y validez), adecuada para evaluar la complejas exigencias generadas por la enfermedad crónica del paciente en cuidados paliativos. El bienestar espiritual se relaciona significativamente con diversas variables de calidad de vida, percepción de salud, felicidad personal o religiosidad. No existe una relación significativa entre las puntuaciones de espiritualidad y variables sociodemográficas como la edad o el sexo. La presencia de bienestar espiritual en estos pacientes es más baja de la esperada. Conclusión: Este cuestionario de espiritualidad resulta un instrumento válido para valorar las 4 dimensiones básicas del bienestar espiritual. Los resultados sugieren que considerar y evaluar el bienestar espiritual de los pacientes en cuidados paliativos puede ser de ayuda para la práctica clínica. La presencia de espiritualidad parece desempeñar un papel importante en el bienestar psicológico, el estado de salud y la calidad de vida percibidos por el paciente en cuidados paliativos. El grado de bienestar espiritual de estos pacientes es relativamente bajo.

A qualitative exploration of the impact of the economic recession in Spain on working, living and health conditions: reflections based on immigrant workers' experiences

Background: This study aimed to analyse how immigrant workers in Spain experienced changes in their working and employment conditions brought about Spain's economic recession and the impact of these changes on their living conditions and health status. Method: We conducted a grounded theory study. Data were obtained through six focus group discussions with immigrant workers (n = 44) from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco, and two individual interviews with key informants from Romania living in Spain, selected by theoretical sample. Results: Three categories related to the crisis emerged – previous labour experiences, employment consequences and individual consequences – that show how immigrant workers in Spain (i) understand the change in employment and working conditions conditioned by their experiences in the period prior to the crisis, and (ii) experienced the deterioration in their quality of life and health as consequences of the worsening of employment and working conditions during times of economic recession. Conclusion: The negative impact of the financial crisis on immigrant workers may increase their social vulnerability, potentially leading to the failure of their migratory project and a return to their home countries. Policy makers should take measures to minimize the negative impact of economic crisis on the occupational health of migrant workers in order to strengthen social protection and promote health and well-being.