Diet of Common Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita wintering in a wetland in south-east Spain

The diet of Common Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita wintering in a Mediterranean wetland (El Hondo Natural Park, SE Spain) was studied by analysing the gizzard content of 17 individuals that died accidentally when trapped for ringing. Prey availability was assessed via water-trap sampling over two winters. The bulk of the diet was composed of midges (Chironomidae), which were found in all the gizzards and represented approximately 95% of the prey. Brachycera flies were one of the most captured taxa in the water-traps but represented less than 0.5% of the total number of prey consumed. Compositional analysis revealed very strong prey selection, with Chiffchaffs selecting clumped and less mobile prey, such as chironomids, and avoiding abundant but fast-escaping prey, such as Brachycera.

Ecological gradients and landscape structure affecting seasonal woodpigeon Columba palumbus densities in a coastal region (South-East Spain)

The aim of the present study is to identify and evaluate the relationship between Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus, Linnaeus, 1758) density and different environmental gradients (thermotype, ombrotype, continentality and latitudinal), land use and landscape structure, using geographic information systems and multivariate modelling. Transects (n = 396) were developed to estimate the density of Woodpigeon in the Marina Baja (Alicante, Spain) from 2006 to 2008. The highestdensity for Woodpigeon was in September-October (1.28birds/10ha) and the lowest inFebruary-March (0.34birds/10ha). Moreover, there were more Woodpigeons in areas with a mesomediterranean thermotypethan in thermomediterranean or supramediterranean ones. There was greater densityinthe intermediate zones compared to thecoast and interior. The natural or cultural landscape had the highest Woodpigeon density (1.53birds/10ha), with both denseand clear pine forest values standing out. Therefore, it is very important to conserve these traditional landscapes with adequate management strategies in order to maintain, resident and transient Woodpigeon populations. These natural areas are open places where the Woodpigeons find food and detect the presence ofpredators. Thus, this study will enable more precise knowledge of the ecological factors (habitat variables) that intervene in the distribution of Woodpigeon populations and their density.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Post Fire Emergency Rehabilitation Treatments on Soil Degradation and Erosion Control in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Areas of the Spanish South East

In this study, we seeded a native plant species and applied a mulch of chopped wood originating from the same burned area to avoid the establishment of invasive species. We evaluated four treatments: (1) seeding, (2) mulch, (3) seeding and mulch, and (4) control. Our objective was to increase plant recovery and to minimize the soil erosion and degradation. The study was conducted in Alicante, Spain in Torremanzanas forest of the semi-arid Mediterranean bioclimatic area after the wildfire of November, 2002. During three years of monitoring, we find that combined treatment: seeding and mulch increased the post fire plant recovery 20% approximately more than the rest of treatments and the control plots. We also found that seven months after treating mulch and seeding and mulch treatments presented a gain of soil: +5.18 to + 5.24 mm while the seeding treatment and control plots presented soil loss rates of: −0.48 to −0.49 mm. In addition, mulch treatment significantly decreased soil compaction to the half, and increased the infiltration capacity to 40 ml.mn−1 more than in plots without mulch, as well as increased the soil respiration to the double compared with no mulch plots. Work in progress confirms the positive effect of chopped wood as mulching treatment with or without seeding on the soil protection against soil erosion, and the amelioration of bio-physical properties after wildfires in the Mediterranean semi-arid burned areas.

Main ecological gradients and landscape matrix affect wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Leporidae) abundance in a coastal region (South-East Spain)

Landscape analysis with transects, in the Marina Baja area (province of Alicante, Spain), has contributed to establish the influence of different landscape matrices and some environmental gradients on wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Leporidae) abundance (kilometric abundance index, KAI). Transects (n = 396) were developed to estimate the abundance of this species in the study area from 2006 to 2008.Our analysis shows that rabbits have preferences for a specific land use matrix (irrigated: KAI = 3.47 ± 1.14 rabbits/km). They prefer the coastal area (KAI = 3.82 ± 1.71 rabbits/km), which coincides with thermo-Mediterranean (a bioclimatic belt with a tempered winter and a hot and dry summer with high human density), as opposed to areas in the interior (continental climate with lower human occupation). Their preference for the southern area of the region was also noted (KAI = 8.22 ± 3.90 rabbits/km), which coincides with the upper semi-arid area, as opposed to the northern and intermediate areas (the north of the region coinciding with the upper dry and the intermediate area with the lower dry). On the other hand, we found that the number of rabbits increased during the 3-year study period, with the highest abundance (KAI = 2.71 ± 1.30 rabbits/km) inMay. Thus, this study will enable more precise knowledge of the ecological factors (habitat variables) that intervene in the distribution of wild rabbit populations in a poorly studied area.

Relationship between taxocenoses of decapod crustaceans and characteristics of coastal detritic bottoms in the east and southeast of the Spanish coast

Se ha estudiado la composición de las poblaciones de crustáceos decápodos en los fondos detríticos circalitorales del Este y Sureste ibérico, con relación a sus diferentes facies, efectuándose diferentes análisis estadísticos sobre la composición y diversidad. La taxocenosis de crustáceos decápodos muestra elevados valores de abundancia, riqueza y diversidad en las localidades identificadas como fondos detríticos costeros de aspecto típico. Por último, algunos grupos de especies podrían ser utilizados para caracterizar las biocenosis típica de fondos detríticos costeros, tales como: Paguristes eremita, Ebalia edwardsi, E. deshayesi, Eurynome aspera, Galathea intermedia, Parthenope massena, y Anapagurus hyndmani; la biocenosis del detrítico costero enfangada: Ebalia tuberosa, Atelecyclus rotundatus, Ethusa mascarone, y Liocarcinus zariquieyi; y la biocenosis de arenas fangosas: Upogebia deltaura, Goneplax rhomboides.

Algunas consideraciones sobre la cultura material de las épocas visigoda y emiral en el territorio de Tudmīr

En este trabajo se presentan algunas novedades de la investigación arqueológica altomedieval en el sureste de la Península Ibérica a la luz de los trabajos desarrollados en el Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete) y se discuten, en el marco del debate cronológico recientemente planteado, aspectos relativos al método arqueológico, la cultura material, el poblamiento y la edilicia visigoda.

La biodiversidad marina en la Región de Murcia

Actualmente se ha detectado la existencia de un gradiente de biodiversidad, marcado por el eje Nor-Oeste/Sur-Este y justificado por variables ambientales claves como la latitud, salinidad, temperatura, circulación de las masas de agua, etc. La conjunción de estas variables hacen del litoral de Murcia una de las zonas de mayor biodiversidad del Mediterráneo, mar ya de por sí caracterizado por una alta biodiversidad. Una de las singularidades paisajísticas del litoral murciano son los cañones submarinos cercanos a la línea de costa, propuestos en la Cumbre Mundial de Desarrollo Sostenible de Johannesburgo (2002) como hábitats únicos de gran importancia ecológica. La disposición geográfica del litoral murciano lo convierte en una pantalla que frena el agua procedente del Atlántico y que pasa por Gibraltar, configurando un espacio marino en el que convergen especies mediterráneas y atlánticas, tanto a nivel pelágico como nerítico. La Región de Murcia muestra una gran cantidad de hábitats marinos contenidos en la Lista Patrón de Hábitats Marinos presentes en España, pero si existe un hábitat emblemático en el medio marino mediterráneo y, por ende, en el litoral de la Región de Murcia, es el generado por las praderas de Posidonia oceanica (Posidonietum oceanicae). Otro importantísimo valor natural regional es la laguna salada del Mar Menor, hábitat prioritario de la Directiva Hábitats, que alberga importantes poblaciones de caballito de mar, langostinos y otras especies de interés, además de ser un importante lugar de paso e invernada de aves acuáticas, limícolas y marinas.

L’episcopio del Tolmo de Minateda (Albacete, Spagna). Architettura e funzione degli ambienti tra la fine del VI e l’inizio dell’VIII secolo

The episcopal complex of Eio, located at El Tolmo de Minateda, was built between the end of the sixth century and the beginning of the seventh century. It may have been created as a result of a political decision taken by the authority of the Visigothic kingdom (based at Toletum) to control the Byzantine territories of south-east Hispania. With a comprehensive study of the construction phases, and of the decoration and location of spaces, we can recreate and interpret the function of each space in the episcopal palatium or episcopium, and detail the chronological development of the building. After the Arab-Berber conquest of Hispania in the early eight century, the whole complex underwent alterations that converted the religious and monumental public area into a private, residential and artisan Islamic quarter.

Factores predictores de pérdida de peso y grasa en el tratamiento dietético: sexo, edad, índice de masa corporal y consulta de asistencia

%WL: porcentaje de pérdida de peso; %FL: porcentaje de pérdida de grasa; PNLWF: pacientes que pierden peso o grasa; PLWF: pacientes que pierden peso y grasa. Objetivo: evaluar si el %WL y el %FL en el tratamiento dietético, se vieron afectados por el género, la edad, el IMC y la asistencia a la consulta. Método: 4.700 consultas, 670 pacientes (IMC ≥ 25), en el sur-este de España (2006-12). Se utilizó la dieta equilibrada e hipocalórica. Dos tipos de pacientes: PNLWF y PLWF (91,9%). Resultados: en los PLWF, los hombres y los que asisten en mayor número de ocasiones a la consulta han mostrado una mayor pérdida, frente a las mujeres (%FL: 23,0 vs 14,3%, p = 0,000; %WL: 7,7 vs 6,6%, p = 0,020), y los que asisten con menor frecuencia (%FL: 19,1 vs 7,3%, p = 0,000; %WL: 7,8 vs 2,9%, p = 0,000). El análisis de regresión multinomial (PNLWF/ PLWF) indica que solo el asistir a más de mes y medio a la consulta es un factor que influye en la pérdida, OR 8,3 (IC 95% 4,5-15,1; p = 0,000). Conclusión: la medición de la grasa corporal proporciona una información adicional al peso perdido; la mayoría de los pacientes que asisten más de mes y medio obtienen un elevado %FL; la asistencia es un factor predictor de la pérdida; el %FL indica que el tratamiento dietético juega un papel principal en la resolución de esta patología; se recomienda diseñar esquemas prácticos del proceso de actuación de los nutricionistas en función del IMCi y el variable.

Gestión del tratamiento dietético cuali-cuantitativo en el sobrepeso y la obesidad: metodología y una nueva perspectiva de asesoramiento individualizado

%WL: porcentaje de pérdida de peso; %FL: porcentaje de pérdida de grasa. Objetivo: describir la metodología en la gestión del tratamiento dietético cuali-cuantitativo en el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Método: se llevaron a cabo 4.625 consultas con 616 pacientes mayores de 25 años con sobrepeso y obesidad, en el sur-este de España, durante los años 2006-12. Se utilizó una dieta equilibrada, hipocalórica, cuali-cuantitativa con alimentos de la zona. Se describió la metodología del tratamiento dietético en la pérdida y el mantenimiento. Se trató qué unidades de medida son adecuadas para la expresión del éxito en la pérdida; una nueva visión del asesoramiento individualizado y el tratamiento multidisciplinar. Resultados: el 80% de los pacientes obtienen un %FL ≥ 5% (22,6 ± 11,8 - 11,2 ± 7,4), y asistieron a la consulta más de mes y medio. Conclusión: se presenta un esquema de la metodología del tratamiento dietético; se han recomendado las unidades de medidas a utilizar en consulta y en la publicación de ensayos clínicos, creando un precedente con grado de evidencia de cómo determinar la pérdida exitosa; se recomienda medir los perímetros de cadera y cintura, e incorporar el estudio de la imagen corporal; se presenta una nueva visión del asesoramiento individualizado y una atención multidisciplinar avanzada, independiente de la edad, el estado de gestación y las minusvalías físicas. La postura del sanitario debe de ser considerada como el gestor encargado de determinar qué técnicas podrían ser más efectivas en dicha pérdida.

Successional stage after land abandonment modulates fire severity and post-fire recovery in a Mediterranean mountain landscape

This study analyses the effect of successional stage after farmland terrace abandonment on post-fire plant recovery in a Mediterranean landscape. Specific objectives of the study were to (1) compare fuel characteristics and fire severity in three successional stages after farmland abandonment – dry grassland, dense shrubland and pine stands; (2) analyse the effect of pre-fire successional stage and fire severity on vegetation recovery and (3) analyse the relative vulnerability (i.e. potential for ecosystem shift and soil degradation) to wildfires of the successional stages. We assessed 30 abandoned terraces (15 unburned and 15 burned), with diverse successional stages, on the Xortà Range (south-east Spain). Post-fire recovery was measured 1, 4 and 7 years after fire. The successional stages varied in aboveground biomass, litter amount, vertical structure and continuity of plant cover, and flammability. Dry grassland showed the lowest fire severity, whereas no differences in severity were found between shrubland and pine stands. One year after fire, plant cover was inversely related to fire severity; this relationship attenuated with time after fire. Post-fire recovery of pine stands and shrubland led in both cases to shrublands, contributing to landscape homogenisation. The pine stands showed the largest changes in composition due to fire and the lowest post-fire plant recovery – a sign of high vulnerability to fire.

Construction of 17-19th century domes in the province of Alicante (Spain): the case of San Juan Bautista in Cox

From the late seventeenth to early nineteenth centuries, many religious temples have been built in the province of Alicante (south east of Spain) with brick domes as their main characteristic feature. Often, the limited data available about these remarkable constructions make rehabilitation interventions become into real research projects, with a high value for their historic conservation over time. The aim of this paper is to show a detailed refurbishment analysis of a religious temple built in 1778, showing the need of preservation of historic buildings as a part of the architectural heritage by establishing a common pattern of materials, geometry and constructive systems, specifically in their domes. In most cases, there was not an architectural project for the construction, that is why the analysis of any documentary and archival sources available is essential to find different ways to proceed on the use and maintenance of these religious buildings.