Using multilevel modeling and mixed methods to make theoretical progress in microfoundations for strategy research

The microfoundations research agenda presents an expanded theoretical perspective because it considers individuals, their characteristics, and their interactions as relevant variables to help us understand firm-level strategic issues. However, microfoundations empirical research faces unique challenges because processes take place at different levels of analysis and these multilevel processes must be considered simultaneously. We describe multilevel modeling and mixed methods as methodological approaches whose use will allow for theoretical advancements. We describe key issues regarding the use of these two types of methods and, more importantly, discuss pressing substantive questions and topics that can be addressed with each of these methodological approaches with the goal of making theoretical advancements regarding the microfoundations research agenda and strategic management studies in general.

Dificultades epistemológicas y técnicas en encuestas a población elusiva: el caso de los turistas residenciales

Este artículo muestra una variedad de posibles soluciones ante las dificultades que los científicos sociales pueden encontrarse en la investigación cuantitativa con poblaciones elusivas. Estas dificultades son de dos tipos: epistemológicas y técnicas. Desde el punto de vista epistemológico, se subraya la necesidad de adaptación de la investigación a las características de la población objeto de estudio, pues la elusividad de la población no puede considerarse un obstáculo insalvable. Esta flexibilidad se muestra más constructiva, en términos de consecución de objetivos de investigación, que un posicionamiento más rígido o tradicional, más apegado a modelos preestablecidos. Desde el punto de vista técnico, se muestran las soluciones ante cada dificultad encontrada en el curso de un estudio de caso: la población turístico-residencial del destino Costa Blanca en el Levante español. Estas soluciones se demuestran, finalmente, como adecuadas al contrastar los resultados con encuestas oficiales tipo panel realizadas de forma tradicional en origen.

The identity of sociology or what to do when the universe is unknown: qualitative solutions against the quantitative obsession

Social Sciences can, on occasions, be similar to the so called “hard” sciences. However, in many cases, neither the object nor the classical methods fit in with the objectives of the work. The object requires methodological and technical adjustments, which are often avoided by means of an improper rigidity of the object’s needs. These adjustments can even alter the original research idea. The main objective of this article consists of proving that those objects of study, less suitable to be addressed by rigid positivistic strategies, can be approached both scientifically and sociologically. This can be achieved with the use of different strategies and flexible methodologies to ensure validity and reliability standards. This paper will be posed, firstly, a reflection on the epistemological nature of the debate about the rigid-flexible perspectives. Secondly, the strategies and tools used by the research team to achieve the reduction of the uncertainty about the size and characteristics of the population studied will be described. Finally, some of the survey results obtained in this project will be compared to those provided by the FAMILITUR Survey (2008), conducted by the Spanish Institute of Tourist Studies (IET).

The effects of quality and environmental management on competitive advantage: A mixed methods study in the hotel industry

This paper reports results derived from a mixed methods study where 13 hotel managers were initially interviewed, followed by a quantitative study of 355 additional managers. Data were analysed using partial least squares path modelling. The research question related to the relationship between quality and environmental management and the competitive advantage sought by hotels. The results indicate that quality management and environmental management permit the improvement of competitive advantage in terms of both costs and differentiation. Moreover, hotels implementing quality programmes find fewer obstacles in implementing environmental management.