Plastisol foaming process. Decomposition of the foaming agent, polymer behavior in the corresponding temperature range and resulting foam properties

The decomposition of azodicarbonamide, used as foaming agent in PVC—plasticizer (1/1) plastisols was studied by DSC. Nineteen different plasticizers, all belonging to the ester family, two being polymeric (polyadipates), were compared. The temperature of maximum decomposition rate (in anisothermal regime at 5 K min−1 scanning rate), ranges between 434 and 452 K. The heat of decomposition ranges between 8.7 and 12.5 J g−1. Some trends of variation of these parameters appear significant and are discussed in terms of solvent (matrix) and viscosity effects on the decomposition reactions. The shear modulus at 1 Hz frequency was determined at the temperature of maximum rate of foaming agent decomposition, and differs significantly from a sample to another. The foam density was determined at ambient temperature and the volume fraction of bubbles was used as criterion to judge the efficiency of the foaming process. The results reveal the existence of an optimal shear modulus of the order of 2 kPa that corresponds roughly to plasticizer molar masses of the order of 450 ± 50 g mol−1. Heavier plasticizers, especially polymeric ones are too difficult to deform. Lighter plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) deform too easily and presumably facilitate bubble collapse.

Microwave-assisted multicomponent diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ethyl glyoxylate derived azomethine ylides

The thermal multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) of diethyl aminomalonate or α-amino esters (derived from glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, and phenylglycine) with ethyl glyoxylate and the corresponding dipolarophile such as maleimides, methyl acrylate, methyl fumarate, (E)-1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene, and electron deficient alkynes allows the diastereoselective synthesis of new polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. Microwave-assisted heating processes give better results than conventional heating ones, affording endo-cycloadducts as major stereoisomers. In general, 2,5-cis-cycloadducts are preferentially formed according to the previous formation of the W-shaped dipole. Only in the 1,3-DC of the disulfone with phenylglycine and ethyl glyoxylate the corresponding exo-trans-cycloadduct was isolated. The compound endo-cis-4b, derived from phenylalanine, ethyl glyoxylate and N-benzylmaleimide, has been further transformed into a very complex diazabicyclo[2.2.1]octane skeleton with potential biological activity.

Reutilización del Treebank de dependencias del euskera para la construcción del gold standard de la sintaxis superficial de la gramática de restricciones (CG)

El objetivo del trabajo consiste en reutilizar el Treebank de dependencias EPECDEP (BDT) para construir el gold standard de la sintaxis superficial del euskera. El paso básico consiste en el estudio comparativo de los dos formalismos aplicados sobre el mismo corpus: el formalismo de la Gramática de Restricciones (Constraint Grammar, CG) y la Gramática de Dependencias (Dependency Grammar, DP). Como resultado de dicho estudio hemos establecido los criterios lingüísticos necesarios para derivar la funciones sintácticas en estilo CG. Dichos criterios han sido implementados y evaluados, así en el 75% de los casos se derivan automáticamente las funciones sintácticas para construir el gold standard.

Pseudocapacitance of zeolite-templated carbon in organic electrolytes

Carbon and graphene-based materials often show some amount of pseudocapacitance due to their oxygen-functional groups. However, such pseudocapacitance is generally negligible in organic electrolytes and has not attracted much attention. In this work, we report a large pseudocapacitance of zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) based on the oxygen-functional groups in 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate dissolved in propylene carbonate (Et4NBF4/PC). Due to its significant amount of active edge sites, a large amount of redox-active oxygen functional groups are introduced into ZTC, and ZTC shows a high specific capacitance (330 F g−1). Experimental results suggest that the pseudocapacitance could be based on the formation of anion and cation radicals of quinones and ethers, respectively. Moreover, ZTC shows pseudocapacitance also in 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved with a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (LiPF6/EC+DEC) which is used for lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors.

L'Encarnella: revista satírica. Colección completa de seis números (1983-1984)

"L'Encarnella", revista satírica. Coleccion completa de seis numeros. 1983-1984: Número 1: “L’Encarnella entrega. Fulla oligofrènica per als bufats”, núm. 1.001, abril 1983. Tinta de color verde-gris oscuro. 4 p. + un encarte impreso a doble cara de 22 x 16 mm. Dep. Leg. A-229-1983. Número 2: “L’Encarnella encarnà. La revista més oberta per al lector més estret”, núm. 2.001, junio 1983. Tinta de color rojo vivo. 4 p. + un encarte impreso a una cara de 420 x 295 mm. Dep. Leg. A-514-1983. Número 3. “L’Encarnella festera. La fulla de got i punyal”, núm. 3.001, agosto 1983. Tinta de color morado oscuro. 4 p. Dep. Leg. A-714-1983. Número 4: “El rabo de l’encarnella. La fulla més verda per al lector més morat”, núm. 4.004, octubre 1983. Tinta de color verde brillante. 4 p. Dep. Leg. A-843-1983. Número 5: “Encarnelles blanques. Extra de navidad… con cotillón sorpresa. La revista que no produeix ressaca”, núm. 5.005, diciembre 1983. Tinta de color azul-negro oscuro. 8 p. + un encarte efímero consistente en un puñado de confetis sueltos de colores que le caían encima al lector cuando abría el ejemplar. Dep. Leg. A-1097-1983. Número 6: “L’Encarnella rostía. La fulla que no falla”, núm. 6.006, marzo 1983. Tinta de color azul oscuro. 4 p. Dep. Leg. A-164-1984.