The Spanish version of the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale: Reliability and validity assessment

Background: Only a minority of infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months postpartum. Breast-feeding self-efficacy is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed and is predictive of breastfeeding behaviors. The Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale (PBSES) was developed among English-speaking mothers to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery. Objectives: To translate the PBSES into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. Design: Reliability and validity assessment. Setting: A public hospital in Yecla, Spain. Participants: A convenience sample of 234 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The PBSES was translated into Spanish using forward and back translation. A battery of self-administered questionnaires was completed by participants, including a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, breastfeeding experience and intention, as well as the Spanish version of the PBSES. Also, data on exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were collected from hospital database. Dimensional structure, internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of PBSES were assessed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the presence of one construct, self-efficacy, with four dimensions or latent variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.91. Response patterns based on decision to breastfeed during pregnancy provided evidence of construct validity. In addition, the scores of the Spanish version of the PBSES significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. Conclusions: The Spanish version of PBSES shows evidences of reliability, and contrasting group and predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated marginal fit and further studies are needed to provide new evidence on the structure of the scale. The Spanish version of the PBSES can be considered a reliable measure and shows validity evidences.

Psychometric properties of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version in Spanish secondary education students

Background: The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory’s administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV). Method: This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (SAI-SV) using a sample of 2,367 (47.91% boys) Spanish secondary school students, ranging from 12 to 18 years of age. To analyze the dimensional structure of the SAI-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for SAISV scores. Results: A correlated three-factor structure related to school situations (Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Failure) and a three-factor structure related to the response systems of anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety) were identified and supported. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined to be appropriate. Conclusions: The reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of SAI-SV scores was satisfactory.

Evaluación de la ansiedad escolar: revisión de cuestionarios, inventarios y escalas

El objetivo de este trabajo fue doble. En primer lugar se describen los cuestionarios, inventarios y escalas de ansiedad escolar elaborados y validados para población infantil y adolescente: Cuestionario de Ansiedad Escolar, Inventario de Miedos Escolares, Catálogo de Situaciones Escolares, Escala Visual Análoga para la Ansiedad-Revisada, Escala Magallanes de Problemas de Ansiedad e Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar. En segundo lugar se analiza la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y la validez (estructura factorial, relación con otros cuestionarios, relación con otros procedimientos de evaluación y diferenciación entre grupos) de la puntuación de estos instrumentos, con el fin de conocer sus propiedades psicométricas y poder tomar decisiones sobre su uso en la práctica clínica o educativa sobre la base de criterios empíricos. Los resultados permiten concluir que actualmente existen autoinformes que presentan garantías psicométricas satisfactorias para llevar a cabo una interpretación fiable y válida de sus puntuaciones, siendo por tanto útiles en la práctica clínica y educativa.

Validación de la versión española del cuestionario Physician Readiness To Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS)

Fundamentos: El Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) es uno de los cuestionarios más completos en el contexto internacional para la valoración de la capacidad de respuesta frente a la violencia del compañero íntimo por los profesionales de Atención Primaria de Salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la fiabilidad, consistencia interna y validez de constructo de la versión española de este cuestionario. Métodos: Tras la traducción, retrotraducción y valoración de la validez de contenido del cuestionario, se distribuyeron en una muestra de 200 profesionales de medicina y enfermería de 15 centros de atención primaria de 4 Comunidades Autónomas en 2013 (Comunidad Valenciana, Castilla León, Murcia y Cantabria). Se calcularon los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, los de correlación intraclase y rho de Spearman (test-retest). Resultados: la versión española del PREMIS incluyó 64 ítems. El coeficiente α de Cronbach fue superior a 0,7 o muy cercano a ese valor en la mayoría de los índices. Se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,87 y un coeficiente de Spearman de 0,67 que muestran una fiabilidad alta. Todas las correlaciones observadas para la escala de opiniones, la única tratada como estructura factorial en el cuestionario PREMIS, fueron superiores a 0,30. Conclusiones: el PREMIS en español obtuvo una buena validez interna, alta fiabilidad y capacidad predictiva de las prácticas auto-referidas por médicos(as) y enfermeros(as) frente a casos de violencia del compañero íntimo en centros de atención primaria.

Catalyzed addition of acid chlorides to alkynes by unmodified nano-powder magnetite: synthesis of chlorovinyl ketones, furans, and related cyclopentenone derivatives

Inexpensive and commercially available nano-powder magnetite is an excellent catalyst for the addition of acid chlorides to internal and terminal alkynes, yielding the corresponding chlorovinyl ketones in good yields. The process has been applied to the synthesis of 5-chloro-4-arylcyclopent-2-enones, 3-aryl-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-ones, and (E)-3-alkylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-ones, just by changing the nature of the starting acid chloride or the alkyne. All tested processes elapse with an acceptable or excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity. Moreover, the use of the iridium impregnated on magnetite catalyst permits the integration of the chloroacylation process with a second dehydrochlorination–annulation process to yield, in one-pot, 1-aryl-2,4-dialkylfurans in good yields, independently of the nature of the starting reagents, and including the heteroaromatic ones.