Difusión masiva de información en los modelos de gestión de redes: aplicación a los servicios de alta disponibilidad sobre Internet

En la presente tesis se propone un modelo de gestión de redes que incorpora en su definición la gestión y difusión masiva de la información sobre redes no propietarias como Internet. Este modelo viene a solucionar uno de los problemas más comunes para cualquier aplicación, tanto de gestión como de usuario, proporcionando un mecanismo sencillo, intuitivo y normalizado para transferir grandes volúmenes de información, con independencia de su localización o los protocolos de acceso. Algunas de las características más notables del modelo se pueden sintetizar en las siguientes ideas. La creación de herramientas siguiendo el modelo permite que los desarrolladores de aplicaciones puedan centrarse en la lógica de la aplicación, en lugar de tener que resolver, generalmente a medida, el problema de la transferencia de grandes volúmenes de información. El modelo se ha concebido para ser compatible con los estándares existentes, tomando como base el marco de trabajo definido por ISO/IEC para sistemas OSI. Para que la difusión de la información se realice de forma escalable y con el menor impacto posible sobre la red de comunicaciones se ha propuesto un método de difusión fundamentando en técnicas colaborativas y de multicast. Las principales áreas de aplicaciones del modelo se encuentran en: los sistemas de gestión como las copias de seguridad en red, sistemas para la continuidad en el negocio y alta disponibilidad o los sistemas de mantenimiento de redes de computadoras; aplicaciones de usuario como las aplicaciones eBusiness, sistemas de compartición de archivos o sistemas multimedia; y, en general, cualquier tipo de aplicación que conlleve la transferencia de importantes volúmenes de información a través de redes de área amplia como Internet. Los principales resultados de la investigación son: un modelo de gestión de redes, un mecanismo de difusión de la información concretado en un protocolo de transporte y otro de usuario y una librería que implementa los protocolos propuestos. Para validar la propuesta se ha construido un escenario de pruebas real y se ha implementado el prototipo de un sistema de recuperación integral de nodos basado en el modelo y utilizando las librerías creadas. Las pruebas de escalabilidad, carga y tiempos de transferencia realizados sobre el prototipo han permitido verificar la validez e idoneidad de la propuesta comprobando que su aplicación es escalable respecto del tamaño del sistema gestionado, sencillo de implantar y compatible con los sistemas existentes.

Identification of the local productive systems in Spain: a new approach

Paper submitted to the 44th European Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Porto, 25-29 August 2004.

Lightweight peer-to-peer secure multi-party VoIP protocol

Multi-party voice-over-IP (MVoIP) services provide economical and convenient group communication mechanisms for many emerging applications such as distance collaboration systems, on-line meetings and Internet gaming. In this paper, we present a light peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol to provide MVoIP services on small platforms like mobile phones and PDAs. Unlike other proposals, our solution is fully distributed and self-organizing without requiring specialized servers or IP multicast support.

Breaking down complex saproxylic communities: understanding sub-networks structure and implications to network robustness

Saproxylic insect communities inhabiting tree hollow microhabitats correspond with large food webs which simultaneously are constituted by multiple types of plant-animal and animal-animal interactions, according to the use of trophic resources (wood- and insect-dependent sub-networks), or to trophic habits or interaction types (xylophagous, saprophagous, xylomycetophagous, predators and commensals). We quantitatively assessed which properties of specialised networks were present in a complex networks involving different interacting types such as saproxylic community, and how they can be organised in trophic food webs. The architecture, interacting patterns and food web composition were evaluated along sub-networks, analysing their implications to network robustness from random and directed extinction simulations. A structure of large and cohesive modules with weakly connected nodes was observed throughout saproxylic sub-networks, composing the main food webs constituting this community. Insect-dependent sub-networks were more modular than wood-dependent sub-networks. Wood-dependent sub-networks presented higher species degree, connectance, links, linkage density, interaction strength, and were less specialised and more aggregated than insect-dependent sub-networks. These attributes defined high network robustness in wood-dependent sub-networks. Finally, our results emphasise the relevance of modularity, differences among interacting types and interrelations among them in modelling the structure of saproxylic communities and in determining their stability.

Phosphorylated α-synuclein-immunoreactive retinal neuronal elements in Parkinson's disease subjects

Visual symptoms are relatively common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and optical coherence tomography has indicated possible retinal thinning. Accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein is thought to be a central pathogenic event in the PD brain but there have not as yet been reports of retinal synucleinopathy. Retinal wholemounts were prepared from subjects with a primary clinicopathological diagnosis of PD (N = 9), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; N = 3), Alzheimer's disease (N = 3), progressive supranuclear palsy (N = 2) as well as elderly normal control subjects (N = 4). These were immunohistochemically stained with an antibody against α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129, which is a specific molecular marker of synucleinopathy. Phosphorylated α-synuclein-immunoreactive (p-syn IR) nerve fibers were present in 7/9 PD subjects and in 1/3 DLB subjects; these were sparsely distributed and superficially located near or at the inner retinal surface. The fibers were either long and straight or branching, often with multiple en-passant varicosities along their length. The straight fibers most often had an orientation that was radial with respect to the optic disk. Together, these features are suggestive of either retinopetal/centrifugal fibers or of ganglion cell axons. In one PD subject there were sparse p-syn IR neuronal cell bodies with dendritic morphology suggestive of G19 retinal ganglion cells or intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells. There were no stained nerve fibers or other specific staining in any of the non-PD or non-DLB subjects. It is possible that at least some of the observed visual function impairments in PD subjects might be due to α-synucleinopathy.

Large scale optimization of a sour water stripping plant using surrogate models

In this work, we propose a new methodology for the large scale optimization and process integration of complex chemical processes that have been simulated using modular chemical process simulators. Units with significant numerical noise or large CPU times are substituted by surrogate models based on Kriging interpolation. Using a degree of freedom analysis, some of those units can be aggregated into a single unit to reduce the complexity of the resulting model. As a result, we solve a hybrid simulation-optimization model formed by units in the original flowsheet, Kriging models, and explicit equations. We present a case study of the optimization of a sour water stripping plant in which we simultaneously consider economics, heat integration and environmental impact using the ReCiPe indicator, which incorporates the recent advances made in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The optimization strategy guarantees the convergence to a local optimum inside the tolerance of the numerical noise.