Measurement of wide frequency range structural microvibrations with a pocket digital camera and sub-pixel techniques

Analysis of vibrations and displacements is a hot topic in structural engineering. Although there is a wide variety of methods for vibration analysis, direct measurement of displacements in the mid and high frequency range is not well solved and accurate devices tend to be very expensive. Low-cost systems can be achieved by applying adequate image processing algorithms. In this paper, we propose the use of a commercial pocket digital camera, which is able to register more than 420 frames per second (fps) at low resolution, for accurate measuring of small vibrations and displacements. The method is based on tracking elliptical targets with sub-pixel accuracy. Our proposal is demonstrated at a 10 m distance with a spatial resolution of 0.15 mm. A practical application over a simple structure is given, and the main parameters of an attenuated movement of a steel column after an impulsive impact are determined with a spatial accuracy of 4 µm.

Measurement of wide frequency range structural microvibrations with a pocket digital camera and sub-pixel techniques

Analysis of vibrations and displacements is a hot topic in structural engineering. Although there is a wide variety of methods for vibration analysis, direct measurement of displacements in the mid and high frequency range is not well solved and accurate devices tend to be very expensive. Low-cost systems can be achieved by applying adequate image processing algorithms. In this paper, we propose the use of a commercial pocket digital camera, which is able to register more than 420 frames per second (fps) at low resolution, for accurate measuring of small vibrations and displacements. The method is based on tracking elliptical targets with sub-pixel accuracy. Our proposal is demonstrated at a 10 m distance with a spatial resolution of 0.15 mm. A practical application over a simple structure is given, and the main parameters of an attenuated movement of a steel column after an impulsive impact are determined with a spatial accuracy of 4 µm.

High speed imaging and algorithms for non invasive vibrations measurement

Comunicación presentada en EVACES 2011, 4th International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures, Varenna (Lecco), Italy, October 3-5, 2011.

Intrinsic spin noise in MgO magnetic tunnel junctions

We consider two intrinsic sources of noise in ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors based on MgO magnetic tunnel junctions, coming both from 25 Mg nuclear spins (I = 5/2, 10% natural abundance) and S = 1 Mg-vacancies. While nuclear spins induce noise peaked in the MHz frequency range, the vacancies noise peaks in the GHz range. We find that the nuclear noise in submicron devices has a similar magnitude than the 1/f noise, while the vacancy-induced noise dominates in the GHz range. Interestingly, the noise spectrum under a finite magnetic field gradient may provide spatial information about the spins in the MgO layer.

Propagation of Dyakonon Wave-Packets at the Boundary of Metallodielectric Lattices

We rigorously analyze the propagation of localized surface waves that takes place at the boundary between a semi-infinite layered metal-dielectric (MD) nanostructure cut normally to the layers and a isotropic medium. It is demonstrated that Dyakonov-like surface waves (also coined dyakonons) with hybrid polarization may propagate in a wide angular range. As a consequence, dyakonon-based wave-packets (DWPs) may feature sub-wavelength beamwidths. Due to the hyperbolic-dispersion regime in plasmonic crystals, supported DWPs are still in the canalization regime. The apparent quadratic beam spreading, however, is driven by dissipation effects in metal.

Análisis numérico del comportamiento vibratorio del conjunto móvil de un altavoz dinámico

En este trabajo se describe el proceso llevado a cabo para analizar numéricamente mediante el método de los elementos finitos (MEF) el comportamiento vibratorio del conjunto móvil de un altavoz dinámico de bobina con doble suspensión inferior y en ausencia de la superior. El estudio se centra en el rango de baja frecuencia. El calibrado del modelo se realiza en base a medidas experimentales de la frecuencia de resonancia y desplazamiento del diafragma. Se hace énfasis en la importancia de los factores de participación asociados a la fuerza de excitación y en los cambios que se producen en estos al introducir fuerzas no equilibradas. Así mismo, el análisis proporciona datos para decidir sobre la distancia entre suspensiones, su número óptimo de pliegues y la ubicación de las trencillas, siendo estos parámetros de gran interés en el diseño de este tipo de altavoces.

Towards the understanding of the interfacial pH scale at Pt(1 1 1) electrodes

The determination of the potentials of zero total and free charge, pztc and pzfc respectively, were made in a wide pH range by using the CO displacement method and the same calculation assumptions used previously for Pt(1 1 1) electrodes in contact with non-specifically adsorbing anions. Calculation of the pzfc involves, in occasions, long extrapolations that lead us to the introduction of the concept of potential of zero extrapolated charge (pzec). It was observed that the pztc changes with pH but the pzec is independent of this parameter. It was observed that the pztc > pzec at pH > 3.4 but the opposite is true for pH > 3.4. At the latter pH both pzec and pztc coincide. This defines two different pH regions and means that adsorbed hydrogen has to be corrected in the “acidic” solutions at the pztc while adsorbed OH is the species to be corrected in the “alkaline” range. The comparison of the overall picture suggests that neutral conditions at the interface are attained at significantly acidic solutions than those at the bulk.