Tourism dependence and host community perceptions: notes on the social exchange theory

This article examines the opinions of the local population on the south coast of the Spanish province of Alicante regarding the development of tourism in recent years, analysing their perception of the benefits of tourism using the social exchange theory. This study is presented in two stages. The qualitative stage, which is based on in-depth interviews and focus groups, acts as a guide for the second stage, which consists of a survey conducted with the resident Spanish population. It was found that people linked to the tourist sector through their work view tourism as the driving force behind the economic and social development of their towns, although they are more critical than others of the model that has been established. They defend the development process that has taken place, but feel that overcrowding brings their towns to a standstill and needs to be resolved.

La opinión pública sobre el turismo. Crítica y propuesta para una nueva orientación

Este texto plantea una reflexión crítica sobre la aplicación de los principios básicos en los que se asienta la Teoría del Intercambio Social a los estudios sobre la percepción del turismo en las sociedades receptoras. Específicamente, se cuestiona la pertinencia científica de esta perspectiva. La oportunidad de esta tarea cobra sentido al constatar cómo la acumulación de estudios empíricos sobre turismo y opinión pública durante las últimas tres décadas, en lugar de desembocar en el establecimiento de un núcleo sólido de certezas teóricas sobre las que construir nuevo conocimiento, ha ido a parar a un callejón sin salida. Además, se propone una vía de trabajo alternativa, inspirada en referentes de la teoría sociológica, aunque apenas utilizados hasta ahora en la investigación del turismo. Esa vía se asienta en la premisa que afirma que la opinión pública no existe más que como resultado de un proceso constitutivo promovido por grupos movilizados alrededor de intereses privados. Ello exige la reubicación del poder como factor explicativo esencial y, por consiguiente, la articulación de estrategias metodológicas más apropiadas.

Phrase-based statistical machine translation: explanation of its processes and statistical models and evaluation of the English to Spanish translations produced

Statistical machine translation (SMT) is an approach to Machine Translation (MT) that uses statistical models whose parameter estimation is based on the analysis of existing human translations (contained in bilingual corpora). From a translation student’s standpoint, this dissertation aims to explain how a phrase-based SMT system works, to determine the role of the statistical models it uses in the translation process and to assess the quality of the translations provided that system is trained with in-domain goodquality corpora. To that end, a phrase-based SMT system based on Moses has been trained and subsequently used for the English to Spanish translation of two texts related in topic to the training data. Finally, the quality of this output texts produced by the system has been assessed through a quantitative evaluation carried out with three different automatic evaluation measures and a qualitative evaluation based on the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM).