Estudio de los mecanismos de inestabilidad en taludes y laderas del Flysch carbonatado de Alicante

Este trabajo de investigación, centrado en el Flysch carbonatado de Alicante, tiene como objetivos principales caracterizar los mecanismos de inestabilidad que afectan a los taludes de estas formaciones carbonatas heterogéneas, evaluar las medidas correctivas implementadas, y por último, caracterizar comportamiento diferencial frente a la degradación ambiental de las diferentes litologías aflorantes. Para ello, se ha realizado un extenso inventario de 194 taludes, permitiendo generar una base de datos que incluye las litologías, su competencia y la posición relativa entre ellas, las relaciones geométricas entre talud y estratificación y los mecanismos de inestabilidad asociados. También se han inventariado las medidas correctivas observadas y la valoración de su efectividad, ligadas al tipo de afloramiento y sus inestabilidades asociadas. Asimismo, se ha caracterizado el comportamiento frente al slaking de la roca matriz a través de cinco ciclos de slake, basado en los índices Id1, Id5, y en el Index of Weathering propuesto (IW5). Estos parámetros, junto con la identificación litológica y las propiedades mecánicas de las litologías representativas de la zona de estudio han permitido caracterizar su comportamiento frente a la degradación ambiental, que además ha sido relacionado con los patrones, longitudes y tasas de degradación observados in situ. Como resultado de lo anteriormente expuesto, este trabajo proporciona unas nuevas herramientas básicas, que pueden utilizarse fácilmente en fases de anteproyecto, para conocer los mecanismos de inestabilidad, el comportamiento frente a la degradación ambiental, así como recomendar las medidas correctivas adecuadas en estos taludes, u otros de características similares.

An approach for characterising the weathering behaviour of Flysch slopes applied to the carbonatic Flysch of Alicante (Spain)

Various studies indicate that most of the slope instabilities affecting Flysch heterogeneous rock masses are related to differential weathering of the lithologies that make up the slope. Therefore, the weathering characteristics of the intact rock are of great importance for the study of these types of slopes and their associated instability processes. The main aim of this study is to characterise the weathering properties of the different lithologies outcropping in the carbonatic Flysch of Alicante (Spain), in order to understand the effects of environmental weathering on them, following slope excavation. To this end, 151 strata samples obtained from 11 different slopes, 5–40 years old, were studied. The lithologies were identified and their mechanical characteristics obtained using field and laboratory tests. Additionally, the slaking properties of intact rocks were determined, and a classification system proposed based on the first and fifth slake cycles (Id1 and Id5 respectively) and an Index of Weathering (IW5), defined in the study. Information obtained from the laboratory and the field was used to characterise the weathering behaviour of the rocks. Furthermore, the slaking properties determined from laboratory tests were related to the in-situ weathering properties of rocks (i.e., the weathering profile, patterns and length, and weathering rate). The proposed relationship between laboratory test results, field data, and in-situ observations provides a useful tool for predicting the response of slopes to weathering after excavation during the preliminary stages of design.

Proposal of a New Parameter for the Weathering Characterization of Carbonate Flysch-Like Rock Masses: The Potential Degradation Index (PDI)

The susceptibility of clay bearing rocks to weathering (erosion and/or differential degradation) is known to influence the stability of heterogeneous slopes. However, not all of these rocks show the same behaviour, as there are considerable differences in the speed and type of weathering observed. As such, it is very important to establish relationships between behaviour quantified in a laboratory environment with that observed in the field. The slake durability test is the laboratory test most commonly used to evaluate the relationship between slaking behaviour and rock durability. However, it has a number of disadvantages; it does not account for changes in shape and size in fragments retained in the 2 mm sieve, nor does its most commonly used index (Id2) accurately reflect weathering behaviour observed in the field. The main aim of this paper is to propose a simple methodology for characterizing the weathering behaviour of carbonate lithologies that outcrop in heterogeneous rock masses (such as Flysch slopes), for use by practitioners. To this end, the Potential Degradation Index (PDI) is proposed. This is calculated using the fragment size distribution curves taken from material retained in the drum after each cycle of the slake durability test. The number of slaking cycles has also been increased to five. Through laboratory testing of 117 samples of carbonate rocks, extracted from strata in selected slopes, 6 different rock types were established based on their slaking behaviour, and corresponding to the different weathering behaviours observed in the field.