Antonio Maura y el papel del II Reich en las negociaciones hispano-francesas sobre Marruecos de 1903-1904

En la primera parte del artículo se aborda el problema que ha de afrontar el estadista Antonio Maura al convertirse en el jefe del gobierno español, a finales de 1903 y consistente en concluir el proceso de negociación sobre Marruecos entablado con Francia desde 1901. Se resalta el carácter continuista del ideario colonial de Maura con respecto al del anterior líder conservador, Silvela, y la preponderancia de cuestiones como la seguridad nacional como motivadoras de dicho ideario. En la segunda parte, se explica la apelación del gobierno maurista a una ayuda por parte de Alemania, en función de movimientos previos de la diplomacia germana que se había interesado por controlar una parte del Marruecos español, o por conseguir compensaciones en Fernando Po. Finalmente se analiza el intento de Berlín de instrumentalizar al gobierno Maura en el curso de las conversaciones hispano-francesas sobre el Imperio jerifiano.

Handing Down and Adaption: The Construction of the Material World of Health Care Technology in Spain (1855-1955)

This historical study uses qualitative methods to analyze and describe the components of the material world of nursing care in Spain between 1855 and 1955 based on the analysis of eight nurse training manuals. A total of 360 objects and 45 procedures were recorded. Manual analysis was carried out concurrently with data collection based on the Grounded Theory approach. Findings show that the material world of health care was composed of objects that were handed down by the medical profession to health care professionals and adapted objects, improvised mainly out of everyday household items. While the handing down of medical tools and instruments could be said to be a theoretical and technical achievement, it is not clear whether it was also a scientific accomplishment. The improvisation of objects out of everyday household items promoted by the manuals highlights the artisan-like and ingenious nature of nursing practice, which should be explored further in future studies to provide a greater understanding and promote the recognition of these objects as a health care technology.