Restoration of religious temples: intervention in the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente (Alicante)

Heritage conservation has raised historical problems usually centered in defects resulting from water leaks. Thus, any intervention is presented as a difficult task, both due to building techniques to be used and the lack of economic resources in many cases. In relation to the temples existing in Alicante (Spain), water drainage is solved with pitched roofs on slope formation (in vaulted naves) or directly supported on the vaulted elements (in the domes). Since those construction systems are composed by brick and plaster, the presence of moisture is problematic, and represents a risk of losing the strength capacity and therefore the stability of the dome. An example of this problem is the dome of the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente, built with solid bricks, it has the highest diameter of the province (18th century). This historic building has been restored on several occasions in the recent years due to moisture, cracks or fissures. The study of these works give an idea of the difficulties of maintenance, conservation and proper restoration of such kind of buildings as unique and valued constructions in our heritage.

Work-related health problems among resident immigrant workers in Italy and Spain

Background: in both Spain and Italy the number of immigrants has strongly increased in the last 20 years, currently representing more than the 10% of workforce in each country. The segregation of immigrants into unskilled or risky jobs brings negative consequences for their health. The objective of this study is to compare prevalence of work-related health problems between immigrants and native workers in Italy and Spain. Methods: data come from the Italian Labour Force Survey (n=65 779) and Spanish Working Conditions Survey (n=11 019), both conducted in 2007. We analyzed merged datasets to evaluate whether interviewees, both natives and migrants, judge their health being affected by their work conditions and, if so, which specific diseases. For migrants, we considered those coming from countries with a value of the Human Development Index lower than 0.85. Logistic regression models were used, including gender, age, and education as adjusting factors. Results: migrants reported skin diseases (Mantel-Haenszel pooled OR=1.49; 95%CI: 0.59-3.74) and musculoskeletal problems among those employed in agricultural sector (Mantel-Haenszel pooled OR=1.16; 95%CI: 0.69-1.96) more frequently than natives; country-specific analysis showed higher risks of musculoskeletal problems among migrants compared to the non-migrant population in Italy (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.48-1.59) and of respiratory problems in Spain (OR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.02-4.0). In both countries the risk of psychological stress was predominant among national workers. Conclusions: this collaborative study allows to strength the evidence concerning the health of migrant workers in Southern European countries.

La restauración de la iglesia de San Sebastián, Orihuela (Alicante)

En esta comunicación se presentan los estudios previos y las intervenciones realizadas en la iglesia de San Sebastián de Orihuela, Alicante (España) con el fin de subsanar los problemas estructurales que presentaba, con múltiples grietas en arcos y bóvedas y eliminar la humedad presente en sus fábricas, además de las sales aportadas por el agua. En el estudio histórico y arquitectónico se ha comprobado que la iglesia se construyó sobre una ermita gótica y se finalizó en 1743 pero ha sufrido numerosas intervenciones. Es una iglesia de nave única con capillas laterales cubierta mediante bóvedas. Su fachada y las pilastras interiores son de piedra vista. Para el diagnóstico se han empleado diversas técnicas (ultrasonidos, higrómetro…) que han permitido deducir las causas de las lesiones. Las intervenciones se han dirigido a reforzar la estructura mediante cosidos e inyecciones, as�� como a ventilar la base mediante un forjado sanitario. También se ha saneado la piedra vista, tanto en interior como en fachada y se han sacado a la luz los arcos de piedra ocultos bajo un estucado. También se han restaurado los restos arqueológicos de época gótica.

Il valore del voto: Italia e Spagna nel dibattito sulla rappresentanza politica liberale (1860-1870)

During the 1860's and 1870's, Spain and Italy experienced a convergence of debates on the significance of political representation in the framework of Liberal State. Spain suffered a political and social crisis, ending with the Revolution of 1868 and the adoption of male universal suffrage in 1878. Its coeval Italy began to build its new Kingdom, anxious about state building, as well as the relevance of electoral processes in the Constitutional scheme. Although members of parliament and essayists of both countries well knew their neighbour's political reality, a dialogue on representation didn't occur. Nonetheless, we believe it is useful to analyse the survey drawn by the Italian publicist in the light of current knowledge of the opinions that prevailed in Spain. What sense did they give to the general election? How did they understand the value of the vote? Who were considered eligible voters? These questions comprise the main subjects of the essay.

Religiosas y laicas en el franquismo: entre la dictadura y la oposición

En este trabajo se ofrece un estado de la cuestión sobre la evolución de las religiosas y las seglares, de clase media y obreras, de Acción Católica en el franquismo, una dictadura que encontró en la Iglesia a uno de sus principales apoyos. En los años cuarenta y cincuenta participan del control político y moral de las españolas y su presencia pública es destacada. En las décadas siguientes experimentan un profundo cambio hacia un mayor compromiso, todo lo cual conduce a un escenario de tensiones con la dictadura y la jerarquía eclesiástica, y a una crisis que da lugar a la secularización de muchas religiosas y al abandono de Acción Católica de numerosas militantes; en esta etapa de mayor testimonio sin embargo su reconocimiento disminuye.

Ideal femenino y protagonismo de las mujeres en las culturas políticas católicas del franquismo

En la dictadura franquista convivieron varias culturas políticas católicas, que presentaron diversas concepciones de género, diferentes funciones atribuidas a las mujeres y distinta participación de las católicas. A lo largo de este periodo, algunas voces impulsaron una reformulación del ideal femenino y una redefinición de la categoría de igualdad en la Iglesia. Las protagonistas de este cambio abandonaron el discurso de la diferencia y la complementariedad por el de la igualdad y cuestionaron as�� de forma radical los modelos de género vigentes hasta entonces en el catolicismo, contribuyendo a la transformación de las culturas políticas católicas.