Síntomas músculo-esqueléticos durante el embarazo en una muestra de mujeres ecuatorianas

Introducción: Los manuales de obstetricia citan numerosos signos y síntomas músculo-esqueléticos pero los porcentajes de mujeres que los presentan no aparecen registrados. Y en los trabajos no se estudian todos ellos simultáneamente. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de los síntomas músculo-esqueléticos durante el embarazo. Material y Métodos: 745 gestantes, entrevistadas entre las 8 y 12 semanas de gestación, entre las 18 y 22 y entre las 37 y 42, procedentes de centros de salud de Esmeraldas (Ecuador). Resultados: Un 31,8% tuvo lumbalgia en algún momento de la gestación y un 15,6% ciatalgia, la lumbalgia aparece en un 40% en el tercer trimestre mientras que la ciatalgia desciende con el curso de la gestación. El dolor púbico y el de miembros inferiores se presenta en un 42,7% y un 46,6% de todas las mujeres. No se han encontrado diferencias en función de la edad, paridad, talla, peso, estado nutricional, raza o actividad. Conclusiones: Las gestantes tienen dificultad para diferenciar los procesos dolorosos. Han sobreinformado la presencia de ciatalgia en detrimento de la lumbalgia. El dolor de miembros inferiores es el más frecuente. La sintomatología músculo-esquelética dificulta el desempeño de las actividades de la vida diaria a más de un 10% de las mujeres.

The Spanish version of the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale: Reliability and validity assessment

Background: Only a minority of infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months postpartum. Breast-feeding self-efficacy is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed and is predictive of breastfeeding behaviors. The Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale (PBSES) was developed among English-speaking mothers to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery. Objectives: To translate the PBSES into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. Design: Reliability and validity assessment. Setting: A public hospital in Yecla, Spain. Participants: A convenience sample of 234 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The PBSES was translated into Spanish using forward and back translation. A battery of self-administered questionnaires was completed by participants, including a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, breastfeeding experience and intention, as well as the Spanish version of the PBSES. Also, data on exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were collected from hospital database. Dimensional structure, internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of PBSES were assessed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the presence of one construct, self-efficacy, with four dimensions or latent variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.91. Response patterns based on decision to breastfeed during pregnancy provided evidence of construct validity. In addition, the scores of the Spanish version of the PBSES significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. Conclusions: The Spanish version of PBSES shows evidences of reliability, and contrasting group and predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated marginal fit and further studies are needed to provide new evidence on the structure of the scale. The Spanish version of the PBSES can be considered a reliable measure and shows validity evidences.