Trends and Disparities in Mortality Among Spanish-Born and Foreign-Born Populations Residing in Spain, 1999–2008

Spain’s immigrant population has increased 380 % in the last decade, accounting for 13.1 % of the total population. This fact has led her to become during 2009 the eighth recipient country of international immigrants in the world. The aim of this article is to describe the evolution of mortality and the main causes of death among the Spanish-born and foreign-born populations residing in Spain between 1999 and 2008. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASRs), average age and comparative mortality ratios among foreign-born and Spanish-born populations residing in Spain were computed for every year and sub-period by sex, cause of death and place of birth as well as by the ASR percentage change. During 1999–2008 the ASR showed a progressive decrease in the risk of death in the Spanish-born population (−17.8 % for men and −16.6 % for women) as well as in the foreign-born one (−45.9 % for men and −35.7 % for women). ASR also showed a progressive decrease for practically all the causes of death, in both populations. It has been observed that the risk of death due to neoplasms and respiratory diseases among immigrants is lower than that of their Spanish-born counterparts, but risk due to external causes is higher. Places of birth with the greater decreases are Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The research shows the differences in the reduction of death risk between Spanish-born and immigrant inhabitants between 1999 and 2008. These results could contribute to the ability of central and local governments to create effective health policy. Further research is necessary to examine changes in mortality trends among immigrant populations as a consequence of the economic crisis and the reforms in the Spanish health system. Spanish data sources should incorporate into their records information that enables them to find out the immigrant duration of permanence and the possible impact of this on mortality indicators.

Sensaciones térmicas en la provincia Cienfuegos (Cuba)

Los estudios referentes a las sensaciones térmicas son de gran interés y utilidad en diferentes sectores de la sociedad, máxime en la provincia Cienfuegos (Cuba) donde existe un alto potencial económico en continuo desarrollo. Es por eso que este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar temporal y espacialmente las sensaciones térmicas en horarios extremos del día en la provincia Cienfuegos durante el período 1981-2010. Para ello se calcularon los índices bioclimáticos Temperatura Efectiva-TE y Temperatura Efectiva Equivalente-TEE los cuales resultan adecuados para evaluar las sensaciones térmicas de los cubanos aclimatados a las condiciones cálidas y húmedas. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que en la provincia, las mañanas de noviembre a abril son generalmente frescas mientras las tardes de ese período pueden ser confortables o calurosas. Esta última situación es común en las mañanas de mayo a octubre cambiando a calurosas o muy calurosas en horas de la tarde. Las mayores diferencias espaciales se encontraron entre el litoral sur oriental y la zona montañosa resaltando esta última por una permanencia de sensaciones frescas o confortables.