La conquista musulmana del Magreb y al-Andalus según las crónicas mozárabes

En un principio se sistematizan los datos conocidos sobre las “Crónicas mozárabes” –latinas y árabes–, buscando presentarlas en el contexto cultural en que se generaron. El objetivo central del trabajo es analizar y comentar los breves fragmentos con los cuales las citadas crónicas aluden a estas conquistas. Además de un relato con tintes negros, los cronistas mozárabes dejaron otros datos de interés sobre la ocupación musulmana del Magreb y de al-Andalus que se han pasado por alto: tanto la clara descripción de los mecanismos de conquista (mediante pactos), como la posterior imposición de impuestos (con lo que ello implica en una sociedad islámica). Se describe la importancia esencial de estas dos circunstancias para acabar destacando la postura positiva hacia el islam del autor de la Crónica Byzantina-Arabica, negativa en autores posteriores. Esto supone una valiosa confirmación textual de los mecanismos de la conquista, escrita menos de un siglo después de haberse producido.

Geological risk assessment of Amtoudi Agadir in southern Morocco: a key case for sustainable cultural heritage

Medieval fortified granaries known as “agadirs” are very common in southern Morocco, being catalogued as world cultural heritage by United Nations. These Berber buildings (made of stones and tree trunks) usually located on rocky promontories, constitute historical testimonials related to the origin of Morocco, and, as tourist attractions, have a positive impact on the local economy. The sustainability of these ancient monuments requires geological-risk evaluations of the massif stability under the agadir with the proposal of stabilization measures, and an architectonic analysis with appropriate maintenance of the structural elements. An interdisciplinary study including climate, seismicity, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, geotechnical surveys of the massif, and diagnosis of the degradation of structural elements have been performed on the Amtoudi Agadir, selected as a case study. The main findings from this study are that the prevalent rocks used for construction (coming from the underlying substratum) are good-quality arkosic sandstones; the SW cliffs under the agadir are unstable under water saturation; some masonry walls are too thin and lack interlocking stones and mortar; and failures in the beams (due to flexure, fracture, and exhaustion in the resistance due to insect attacks or plant roots) are common. The basic risk assessment of ancient buildings of cultural heritage and their geologic substratum are needed especially in undeveloped areas with limited capacity to implement durable conservation policies. Therefore, recommendations have been provided to ensure the stability and maintenance of this important archaeological site.

Physical and chemical evaluation of furniture waste briquettes

Furniture waste is mainly composed of wood and upholstery foam (mostly polyurethane foam). Both of these have a high calorific value, therefore, energy recovery would be an appropriate process to manage these wastes. Nevertheless, the drawback is that the energy content of these wastes is limited due to their low density mainly that of upholstery foam. Densification of separate foam presents difficulties due to its elastic character. The significance of this work lies in obtaining densified material by co-densification of furniture wood waste and polyurethane foam waste. Densification of furniture wood and the co-densification of furniture wood waste with polyurethane foam have been studied. On the one hand, the parameters that have an effect on the quality of the furniture waste briquettes have been analysed, i.e., moisture content, compaction pressure, presence of lignin, etc. The maximum weight percentage of polyurethane foam that can be added with furniture wood waste to obtain durable briquettes and the optimal moisture were determined. On the other hand, some parameters were analysed in order to evaluate the possible effect on the combustion. The chemical composition of waste wood was compared with untreated wood biomass; the higher nitrogen content and the concentration of some metals were the most important differences, with a significant difference of Ti content.