Caractérisation pédologique et édaphique des sols argileux et analyse de leur occupation dans la région de Tessala (Algérie occidentale)

Les sols argileux restent dominants dans la région de Tessala (Sidi Bel Abbes) connue pour son relief érodé et accidenté où les pentes supérieures à 12% dominent. L’utilisation encore traditionnelle et irréfléchie de ces types de sols contribue à l’accélération des phénomènes d’érosion et de dessèchement agissant directement sur la végétation. Une connaissance des principales propriétés de ces sols permettra de maîtriser leurs caractéristiques physiques sources de contraintes dans leur exploitation et mise en valeur. Une maîtrise de ces éléments permettrait d’identifier des zones homo-écologiques. Il sera alors possible de travailler sur des unités physico-écologiques de mise en valeur et d’exploitation intégrée des différents types de sols. La végétation et les paramètres physiques analysés permettront de confirmer ou d’infirmer les unités de gestion préalablement déterminées. La superposition des ces zones climatique, biologique et édaphique dégagera des entités de mise en valeur claires. Une proposition d’occupation des sols selon leurs potentialités axées sur des techniques d’amélioration des caractéristiques qui constituent des entraves.

Rehabilitating, repairing and restoring against demolishing, tearing down and destroying: the recovery of the military fort for the Santa Pola town museum

This communication develops the process of interventions of the Renaissance fortress of a new plant built in 1554–57 in Santa Pola. It is one of the earliest examples built with reference to military architecture theoretical treaties (XV–XVI) and best preserved. The study runs its own story from its initial military use, through the use of civil equipment until the final cultural and Museum Center. First, the project of Italian origin is examined and its use as barracks for troops for a duration of three centuries (1557–1850), pointing out the architectural constants of war machinery in a defense position and its origin as a rainwater collector and cistern: a perfect square with two bastions in which a plan of the uprising is preserved (1778). Secondly, we study the changes in the mentioned architecture throughout a century and a half (1850–1990) after its change of ownership (from the state to the municipality), and as a result of the new use as a city hall and public endowment: a market and health and leisure centre, which meant the demolition of defensive elements and the opening up to the outside of the inner parade ground. And thirdly, the new transfer of the municipal offices brings in the beginning of a project of transformations (1990–2015) that retrieves the demolished elements at the same time as it assigns the entire fort for a cultural centre: exhibition, research and history museum, promoting the identity between the citizens and the building which stands in the foundations of their city. The conclusions take us through an interesting route that goes from the approach of defensive tactics, its use as administrative headquarters to the current cultural policy of preservation. In addition, all the known plans of the fort are recovered (of military, civil and cultural use), some unpublished, as well as the project of the North wing that has guided the last operation and which has been set as a pattern of reference.