7 resultados para Medicina-València-S.XIX

em Universidad de Alicante


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España no pudo asegurar la vacunación de toda su población infantil durante el siglo XIX. En este trabajo nos ocupamos de las causas de este fracaso utilizando como estudio de caso la ciudad de Alicante. Las principales causas de la inconstante práctica de la vacunación en Alicante fueron la ausencia de servicios sanitarios adecuados, la oposición o la negligencia de la población y algunos obstáculos técnicos.

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Este trabajo forma parte de en un proyecto de investigación sobre la farmacología en la sociedad española del siglo XIX, en particular, acerca del papel de las prácticas y los conocimientos químicos en la transición de la materia médica a la farmacología experimental. Dentro de ese esquema general, el objeto de este artículo es el estudio de los libros de texto destinados a los estudiantes de medicina y de cirugía durante los años finales del siglo XVIII y la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Se trata de establecer las coordenadas institucionales generales dentro de las cuales fueron escritas, publicadas y leídas estas obras. El estudio arranca en 1788, fecha alrededor de la cual aparecieron numerosos libros de texto de química, entre los que figuran varias traducciones francesas y el «Curso de química» de Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno. Tras señalar la importancia de las obras de Antoine Fourcroy, se estudia la polémica acerca de las aplicaciones de la química en medicina a través de un texto de Juan Manuel de Aréjula. A continuación, se describen las principales instituciones de enseñanza de la medicina y la cirugía en las que se impartieron clases de química, con especial atención a los programas y a los libros que se publicaron para estas clases. El artículo finaliza en 1845, fecha de la reforma de planes de estudios de José Pidal.

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This study is an attempt to reconstruct the evolution of spaces and scientific equipments used for the teaching of physics and chemistry in the University of Valencia in the 19th century. Through an analysis of the instruments' characteristics and their spatial distribution, the teaching programs and textbooks, as well as the profile of the target public, we try in this essay to understand the evolution of the didactic methods employed by the successive teachers and assistants when teaching physics and chemistry in the existing cabinets, amphitheatres and laboratories.

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This paper analyses the value of university collections of scientific instruments, their preservation, uses and improvement. It mostly relies on the data obtained by a research project on the scientific heritage of the University of Valencia.

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During the 16th century an ambitious political programme for building towers and forts bordering the Spanish Empire’s littoral, to protect it, is materialised. This sighting network over the sea horizon had the essential mission of detecting the presence of vessels that supposed a threat. The network was organised through the strategic arrangement of watchtowers taking profit of the geographical features in the topography so that they could communicate among them with a system of visual signs. The virtual union of the stated settlements defined the fortified maritime borderline. At the same time, this network of sentinels was reinforced (in certain settlements) by the construction of fortifications that acted like centres of data reception and supplied the necessary personnel for detection and transmission. So, this mesh was established by observation points (watchtowers) and information and defense centres (fortifications) to make the news arrive to the decision centres. The present communication aims to demonstrate this military strategy providing the inventory of all defensive architectures that marked this limit between the Segura river mouth until the Huertas cape and that these are spotted from the ‘Flat’ island (later Nueva Tabarca). A riverside geography of approxi-mately 30 km long where 3 fortifications and 7 towers of diverse typologies successively took place. Among the most relevant documents of this research, we could mention the plans of the fortifycations in Guardamar and Santa Pola from the 16th century (drawn in the 18th). For this research, drawings of towers made by the Ministry of Public Works at the end of the 19th century are also important; these documents show the new military tactics, neither for attack neither for defense. At most, they replaced for maritime lighthouses for signage and help for navigation while the others towers were abandoned.