Legitimación y crisis en la urbanización de las regiones turísticas mediterráneas

Problemas en la legitimación ciudadana del turismo residencial (SEJ2006-14620/SOCI, del MEC) y La percepción social del desarrollo turístico-residencial (AE/2007/070, de la Generalitat Valenciana).

Tourism dependence and host community perceptions: notes on the social exchange theory

This article examines the opinions of the local population on the south coast of the Spanish province of Alicante regarding the development of tourism in recent years, analysing their perception of the benefits of tourism using the social exchange theory. This study is presented in two stages. The qualitative stage, which is based on in-depth interviews and focus groups, acts as a guide for the second stage, which consists of a survey conducted with the resident Spanish population. It was found that people linked to the tourist sector through their work view tourism as the driving force behind the economic and social development of their towns, although they are more critical than others of the model that has been established. They defend the development process that has taken place, but feel that overcrowding brings their towns to a standstill and needs to be resolved.

Construir una nueva vida: los espacios del turismo y la migración residencial

Construir una nueva vida analiza una forma radicalmente moderna de creación de sociedad: aquella que tiene como principales protagonistas a ciudadanos que «construyen» lugares de convivencia en espacios alejados de sus regiones o países de origen, en los que intentan reorientar sus trayectorias vitales -temporal o permanentemente- hacia la búsqueda de la autorrealización personal y la conquista de una mejor calidad de vida, dejando en un segundo plano las actividades propias del ámbito productivo. Las estrategias residenciales a las que hacemos referencia sustituyen los rasgos distintivos de los territorios que ocupan por otros nuevos. La transformación de la fisonomía del lugar lleva aparejada la afirmación de nuevas identidades no siempre fáciles de encajar. Los estudios aquí reunidos se interesan por los actores sociales que participan en la producción y consumo de estos lugares y, especialmente, por los modos en los que las estructuras arquitectónicas y las formas urbanas proyectan espacios con características particulares. El lector es invitado a profundizar en estas realidades a través de una selección de estudios realizados en Canadá, Estados Unidos, México, Costa Rica, Australia, Tailandia, Turquía, España y Marruecos.

Turismo, urbanización y estilos de vida: las nuevas formas de movilidad residencial

En los últimos treinta años el turismo ligado al alojamiento en viviendas privadas ha desembocado en tipos de movilidad residencial muy complejos. En la ciudadanía de las sociedades europeas más avanzadas ha brotado una nostalgia por paisajes y modos de vida difíciles de hallar en sus entornos habituales, lo que ha contribuido al surgimiento de nuevas formas de turismo y al incremento de las migraciones por motivos residenciales. Es el caso de los retirados europeos que se trasladan a las costas de España, Francia, Italia o Grecia en busca de un imaginado «estilo de vida mediterráneo». Las causas y las consecuencias de este fenómeno han suscitado el interés de la comunidad académica, y no únicamente en relación a los desplazamientos de norte europeos al Mediterráneo. Por eso, en este libro se ha intentado una perspectiva internacional que, junto al caso paradigmático de España, ofrezca un panorama de las dinámicas presentes en países tan dispares como Suecia, Grecia, Italia, Portugal, México, Perú, Brasil, India, Emiratos Árabes y Kenia. En este intento hemos tenido el privilegio de contar con la colaboración de algunos de los más acreditados investigadores que, desde diferentes disciplinas, han abordado las interrelaciones que se establecen entre los procesos de urbanización y las formas de turismo vinculadas a la construcción de viviendas destinadas a un uso no principal, las migraciones internacionales de jubilados o los nuevos estilos de vida transnacionales.

Aspectos jurídicos y legales en la creación de empresas

En este capítulo se explican las principales formas societarias y las complejidades legales de la creación de una nueva empresa.

Abatement of hydrocarbons by acid ZSM-5 and BETA zeolites under cold-start conditions

Simulated cold-start tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance of H-ZSM-5 and H-BETA zeolites as hydrocarbon traps under simulated gasoline car exhaust gases, paying special attention to the effect of water on their behaviour. It is concluded that the hydrothermal treatment of the zeolites in the acidic form contributes to the better performance of these materials as hydrocarbon traps since the stabilization of the zeolites takes place. Moreover, the decrease of the surface acidity of the zeolites results in an increase of the Si/Al ratio, which contributes to the decrease of the water affinity for adsorption sites. Thus, the competition with hydrocarbon molecules in the exhaust for the adsorption sites is reduced which increases their trap efficiency. The stabilized H-ZSM-5 is the zeolite that showed the best performance with a propene offset temperature of 240 °C, which should be high enough for the three-way catalyst to carry out its role as catalytic converter.

CuH-ZSM-5 as Hydrocarbon Trap under Cold Start Conditions

Cold start tests are carried out to evaluate the performance of copper-exchanged zeolites as hydrocarbon traps under simulated gasoline car exhaust gases, paying special attention to the role of copper in the performance of these zeolites. It is concluded that the partial substitution of the protons in the parent H-ZSM-5 zeolite is highly beneficial for hydrocarbon trapping due to the formation of selective adsorption sites with specific affinity for the different exhaust components. However, it is also observed that uncontrolled exchanging process conditions could lead to the presence of CuO nanoparticles in the zeolite surface, which seem to block the pore structure of the zeolite, decreasing the hydrocarbon trap efficiency. Among all the zeolites studied, the results point out that a CuH-ZSM-5 with a partial substitution of extra-framework protons by copper cations and without any detectable surface CuO nanoparticles is the zeolite that showed the best performance under simulated cold start conditions due to both the high stability and the hydrocarbon retaining capacity of this sample during the consecutive cycles.

BETA Zeolite Thin Films Supported on Honeycomb Monoliths with Tunable Properties as Hydrocarbon Traps under Cold-Start Conditions

A high percentage of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from gasoline vehicles occur during the cold-start period. Among the alternatives proposed to reduce these HC emissions, the use of zeolites before the three-way catalyst (TWC) is thought to be very effective. Zeolites are the preferred adsorbents for this application; however, to avoid high pressure drops, supported zeolites are needed. In this work, two coating methods (dip-coating and in situ crystallization) are optimized to prepare BETA zeolite thin films supported on honeycomb monoliths with tunable properties. The important effect of the density of the thin film in the final performance as a HC trap is demonstrated. A highly effective HC trap is prepared showing 100 % toluene retention, accomplishing the desired performance as a HC trap, desorbing propene at temperatures close to 300 °C, and remaining stable after cycling. The use of this material before the TWC is very promising, and works towards achieving the sustainability and environmental protection goals.

Optimizing the performance of catalytic traps for hydrocarbon abatement during the cold-start of a gasoline engine

A key target to reduce current hydrocarbon emissions from vehicular exhaust is to improve their abatement under cold-start conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of factorial analysis to design a highly efficient catalytic trap. The impact of the synthesis conditions on the preparation of copper-loaded ZSM-5 is clearly revealed by XRD, N2 sorption, FTIR, NH3-TPD, SEM and TEM. A high concentration of copper nitrate precursor in the synthesis improves the removal of hydrocarbons, providing both strong adsorption sites for hydrocarbon retention at low temperature and copper oxide nanoparticles for full hydrocarbon catalytic combustion at high temperature. The use of copper acetate precursor leads to a more homogeneous dispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles also providing enough catalytic sites for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons released from the adsorption sites, although lower copper loadings are achieved. Thus, synthesis conditions leading to high copper loadings jointly with highly dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles would result in an exceptional catalytic trap able to reach superior hydrocarbon abatement under highly demanding operational conditions.

Tema 1. Mecánica de sólidos y fluidos (Curso 2009-2010)

Sólidos, líquidos y gases: densidad; Elasticidad en sólidos: tensión y deformación; Elasticidad en fluidos: presión; Temperatura y dilatación térmica; Estática de fluidos; Fenómenos de superficie: tensión superficial, capilaridad; Dinámica de fluidos ideales; Fluidos reales: viscosidad.

Sistemas de Control Automático. Identificación experimental de sistemas (curso 2010-2011)

Métodos para la obtención del modelo de un sistema de forma experimental.