Evaluation of Binocular Vision Therapy Efficacy by 3D Video-Oculography Measurement of Binocular Alignment and Motility

Objective: To evaluate two cases of intermittent exotropia (IX(T)) treated by vision therapy the efficacy of the treatment by complementing the clinical examination with a 3-D video-oculography to register and to evidence the potential applicability of this technology for such purpose. Methods: We report the binocular alignment changes occurring after vision therapy in a woman of 36 years with an IX(T) of 25 prism diopters (Δ) at far and 18 Δ at near and a child of 10 years with 8 Δ of IX(T) in primary position associated to 6 Δ of left eye hypotropia. Both patients presented good visual acuity with correction in both eyes. Instability of ocular deviation was evident by VOG analysis, revealing also the presence of vertical and torsional components. Binocular vision therapy was prescribed and performed including different types of vergence, accommodation, and consciousness of diplopia training. Results: After therapy, excellent ranges of fusional vergence and a “to-the-nose” near point of convergence were obtained. The 3-D VOG examination (Sensoro Motoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany) confirmed the compensation of the deviation with a high level of stability of binocular alignment. Significant improvement could be observed after therapy in the vertical and torsional components that were found to become more stable. Patients were very satisfied with the outcome obtained by vision therapy. Conclusion: 3D-VOG is a useful technique for providing an objective register of the compensation of the ocular deviation and the stability of the binocular alignment achieved after vision therapy in cases of IX(T), providing a detailed analysis of vertical and torsional improvements.

Ondara, señorío del Duque de Gandía, a principios del siglo XV

A partir de un cabreve de 1416 conservado en el Archivo del Reino de Valencia hemos pretendido reconstruir cuál fue el desarrollo del lugar de Ondara, en el norte de la actual provincia de Alicante, en particular la renta percibida por el señor, el duque de Gandía. Ondara tenía una población de mayoría mudéjar, aunque también vivían en la localidad cristianos. De esta renta era la partición de frutos de los mudéjares y los cristianos, con sus 4.000 sueldos, la que proporcionaba los mayores ingresos en las arcas señoriales, es decir, el gravamen sobre la actividad económica de la localidad, seguida por los arrendamientos y el besante. Además de la agricultura había una actividad artesana en torno a la cantarería, la fabricación de jabón y el tinte. Se completa el estudio con unas normas municipales del año 1410 y la prosopografía de los vecinos.