La divulgación radiofónica de la alimentación y la higiene infantil en la España de la Segunda República (1933-1935)

El trabajo analiza la incorporación de medios tecnológicos, en particular la radio, en el proceso de divulgación del conocimiento sobre la salud infantil durante la Segunda República española. En el marco de la campaña sanitaria contra la mortalidad infantil que puso en marcha la Segunda República en la década del 30, la Asociación Española de Médicos Puericultores Titulados, en colaboración con Unión Radio, organizó dos ciclos de conferencias radiofónicas que pretendían explicar, a través de un discurso divulgativo de tono descriptivo dirigido a las clases populares, las nociones fundamentales de la higiene y la alimentación infantil, e impulsar una cultura de la prevención, guiada y orientada por los dictados de los expertos. Se trataba de una acción de propaganda y divulgación que tenía su continuidad en el medio familiar y comunitario a través de la actuación de las enfermeras visitadoras puericultoras, contemplando a las madres como población diana.

Relación entre crisis económica y salud: ¿lo relevante son las políticas de austeridad?

Discusión sobre: Tapia Granados JA. La crisis y la salud en España y en Europa: ¿Está aumentando la mortalidad? Salud Colectiva. 2014;10(1):81-91.

Global color estimation of special-effect coatings from measurements by commercially available portable multiangle spectrophotometers

Colors of special-effect coatings have strong dependence on illumination/viewing geometry and an appealing appearance. An open question is to ask about the minimum number of measurement geometries required to completely characterize their observed color shift. A recently published principal components analysis (PCA)-based procedure to estimate the color of special-effect coatings at any geometry from measurements at a reduced set of geometries was tested in this work by using the measurement geometries of commercial portable multiangle spectrophotometers X-Rite MA98, Datacolor FX10, and BYK-mac as reduced sets. The performance of the proposed PCA procedure for the color-shift estimation for these commercial geometries has been examined for 15 special-effect coatings. Our results suggest that for rendering the color appearance of 3D objects covered with special-effect coatings, the color accuracy obtained with this procedure may be sufficient. This is the case especially if geometries of X-Rite MA98 or Datacolor FX10 are used.

Visibility of sparkle in metallic paints

For suitable illumination and observation conditions, sparkles may be observed in metallic coatings. The visibility of these sparkles depends critically on their intensity, and on the paint medium surrounding the metallic flakes. Based on previous perception studies from other disciplines, we derive equations for the threshold for sparkles to be visible. The resulting equations show how the visibility of sparkles varies with the luminosity and distance of the light source, the diameter of the metallic flakes, and the reflection properties of the paint medium. The predictions are confirmed by common observations on metallic sparkle. For example, under appropriate conditions even metallic flakes as small as 1 μm diameter may be visible as sparkle, whereas under intense spot light the finer grades of metallic coatings do not show sparkle. We show that in direct sunlight, dark coarse metallic coatings show sparkles that are brighter than the brightest stars and planets in the night sky. Finally, we give equations to predict the number of visually distinguishable flake intensities, depending on local conditions. These equations are confirmed by previous results. Several practical examples for applying the equations derived in this article are provided.