Tiburzio Spannocchi’s project for the fortifications of Fuenterrabía in 1580

Fuenterrabía (Hondarribia) is a town located on the Franco-Spanish border. Between the 16th and 19th centuries it was considered to be one of the most outstanding strongholds in the Basque Country due to its strategic position. The bastion system of fortification was extremely prevalent in this stronghold. It was one of the first Spanish towns to adopt the incipient Renaissance designs of the bastion. The military engineers subsequently carried out continuous fortification projects that enabled the structure to withstand the advances being made in artillery and siege tactics. After the construction of the citadel of Pamplona had begun in 1571, following the design of the prestigious military engineer, Jacobo Palear Fratín and being revised by Viceroy Vespasiano Gonzaga, the aforementioned engineer undertook an ambitious project commissioned by Felipe II to modernise the fortifications of Fuenterrabía. Neither the plans nor the report of this project have been conserved, but in the year 2000, César Fernández Antuña published the report written by Spannocchi on the state of the fortifications of Fuenterrabía when he arrived to the Spanish peninsula, discovered in the Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zaragoza. This document conducts an in-depth analysis of Spannocchi’s project and how it was related to Fratín’s previous project. It concludes that this project encountered problems in updating the new bastions at the end of the 16th century, and identifies the factors which prevented the stronghold from being extended as was the case in Pamplona after Fratín’s project.

El portafolio discente en línea como herramienta de aprendizaje transversal

El desarrollo de competencias transversales proporciona al alumno una formación integral. Sin embargo, la puesta en práctica de la transversalidad entre asignaturas no es una tarea trivial y plantea varios inconvenientes que deben resueltos de una manera óptima para aprovechar las sinergias entre asignaturas. En nuestro caso las necesidades son: i) espacio común para la gestión de documentos, ii) disponibilidad en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar, y iii) posibilidad de colaboración en tareas de edición de los documentos. Hemos aplicado un portafolio discente en línea que permite evaluar el resultado del aprendizaje de las asignaturas en su conjunto, y para ello hemos usado las herramientas de acceso libre que proporciona Google por su interactividad, disponibilidad y facilidad para las tareas de colaboración.