La historia de la química: Pequeña guía para navegantes. Parte I: Viejas y nuevas tendencias

Esta guía consta de dos partes. En la primera se describe el desarrollo de la historia de la química como área de investigación. Se analizan tanto los primeros trabajos de los químicos-historiadores de los siglos XVIII como las obras de los autores del siglo XIX como Hermann Kopp. También se estudia la incipiente institucionalización en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, con especial atención a las obras de Hélène Metzger y Aldo Mieli. Finalmente, se discuten las principales tendencias actuales. En un próximo artículo se ofrecerá una lista ordenada de recursos bibliográficos y electrónicos para trabajar en historia de la química.

L’episcopio del Tolmo de Minateda (Albacete, Spagna). Architettura e funzione degli ambienti tra la fine del VI e l’inizio dell’VIII secolo

The episcopal complex of Eio, located at El Tolmo de Minateda, was built between the end of the sixth century and the beginning of the seventh century. It may have been created as a result of a political decision taken by the authority of the Visigothic kingdom (based at Toletum) to control the Byzantine territories of south-east Hispania. With a comprehensive study of the construction phases, and of the decoration and location of spaces, we can recreate and interpret the function of each space in the episcopal palatium or episcopium, and detail the chronological development of the building. After the Arab-Berber conquest of Hispania in the early eight century, the whole complex underwent alterations that converted the religious and monumental public area into a private, residential and artisan Islamic quarter.

Seeding a Profession: The Intersection of the State, International Interests, and the Early Development of Brazilian Nursing

State and international entities can have profound effects on the development of a country’s nursing profession. Through a global health governance lens, this paper explores the development of nursing in Brazil during the early twentieth century, and its intersections with national and international interests. Accordingly, we will show how state policies established an environment that fostered the institutionalization of nursing as a profession in Brazil and supported it as a means to increase the presence of females in nation building processes. The State focused on recruiting elite women for nursing, in part due to the Rockefeller Foundation’s involvement in the country. Nurses who worked for Rockefeller came from well-educated classes within US society with specific ideas about who should be a nurse and the roles of nurses in a healthcare system. These women served as the primary vehicles for interacting with Brazilian health authorities responsible for health system development. Their early efforts did not, however, ensure a system capable of producing nursing human resources at a rate that, in present day Brazil, could meet the health needs of the country. Findings from this paper offer new avenues for historians to explore the early roots of professional nursing through a global health governance lens, improve the understanding of the intersection between international politics and professionalization, and highlight how these factors may impact nursing human resources production in the long term.