Trabajos de seguimiento de la lapa ferruginosa Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 en Andalucía en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Conservación de la especie

El gasterópodo marino Patella ferruginea se encuentra incluido en los Catálogos Español y Andaluz de Especies Amenazadas en la categoría “En peligro de extinción”. En 2008 fue aprobada la Estrategia de Conservación Nacional de la especie que establece la realización de un seguimiento de la población cada cuatro años. En Andalucía se ha realizado en 2010 el seguimiento de la especie empleando dos tipos de metodología: los “Controles de crecimiento”, mediante marcaje de ejemplares, y los “Censos exhaustivos” en “Tramos” de costa, para intentar detectar todos los individuos presentes. En el censo de 2010 se han muestreado unos 21 km de costa en 34 localidades, un 5% del litoral andaluz con presencia de la especie, lo que constituye un esfuerzo considerable, pero asumible para el control periódico de la misma. La densidad media detectada es muy baja, de 0,048 ind./m. El mayor número de individuos se encuentra en Cádiz y la población mejor estructurada en la isla de Alborán. Se estima que el tamaño actual de la población en Andalucía ronda los 1.800 ejemplares, lo que constituye un aumento con respecto a inventarios anteriores. Sin embargo, el contingente es muy reducido para garantizar la supervivencia de la especie. La categoría de protección propuesta por el Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de Andalucía, “En peligro crítico” (MORENO y ARROYO, 2008), debe considerarse, por lo tanto, la más adecuada para la lapa ferruginosa siguiendo los criterios de valoración de la UICN (2001).

What can physical, biotic and chemical features of a tree hollow tell us about their associated diversity?

Tree hollows are keystone structures for saproxylic fauna and host numerous endangered species. However, not all tree hollows are equal. Many variables including physical, biotic and chemical ones, can characterise a tree hollow, however, the information that these could provide about the saproxylic diversity they harbour has been poorly explored. We studied the beetle assemblages of 111 Quercus species tree hollows in four protected areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Three physical variables related to tree hollow structure, and two biotic ones (presence of Cetoniidae and Cerambyx species recognised as ecosystem engineers) were measured in each hollow to explore their relative effect on beetle assemblages. Moreover, we analysed the chemical composition of the wood mould in 34 of the hollows, in order to relate beetle diversity with hollow quality. All the environmental variables analysed (physical and biological) showed a significant influence on saproxylic beetle assemblages that varied depending on the species. Furthermore, the presence of ecosystem engineers affected both physical and chemical features. Although wood mould volume, and both biotic variables could act as beetle diversity surrogate, we enhance the presence of Cetoniidae and Cerambyx activity (both easily observable in the field) as indicator variables, even more if both co-occur as each affect to different assemblages. Finally, assimilable carbon and phosphorous contents could act as indicator for past and present beetle activity inside the cavity that could become a useful tool in functional diversity studies. However, an extension of this work to other taxonomic groups would be desirable.

Short-Term Effects of a Wildfire on the Endangered Dupont's Lark Chersophilus duponti in an Arid Shrub-Steppe of Central Spain

In Europe, Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti is a threatened open-habitat bird. Prescribed burning has sometimes been proposed for its conservation, but without evidence of its effectiveness. To evaluate the short-term effects of a summer wildfire on this species, we performed several transect counts in the burnt and unburnt parts of a shrubsteppe in central Spain. The same transects were counted within a three-year interval prior to the fire and were repeated during the first two springs after the fire. We also measured the vegetation during the first two springs after the fire. In the burnt area, we observed a decrease of about 85–100% in Dupont’s Lark abundance, and about 7–15% in the control area. The disappearance of the scrub cover after fire and its slow regeneration, as well as the large increase in grass cover during the second year, may explain the decrease in this habitat-specialist bird species. Fire should be avoided in areas occupied by the Dupont’s Lark, as its negative effects in the short-term may cause local extinctions. However, prescribed burning may be used in neighboring areas to create new open habitats that may be subsequently colonized by this species.