Self-rated health and mortality: a follow-up study of a Spanish population

Objectives: Self-rated health (SRH) is known to be a valid indicator for the prediction of health outcomes. The aims of this study were to describe and analyse the associations between SRH and health status, socio-economic and demographic characteristics; and between SRH and mortality in a Spanish population. Study design: Longitudinal study. Methods: A sample of 5275 adults (age ≥21 years) residing in the Valencian Community (Spanish Mediterranean region) was surveyed in 2005 and followed for four years. SRH was categorized into good and poor health. The response variable was mortality (dead/alive), obtained from the local mortality register. Logistic regression models were adjusted in order to analyse the associations between SRH and health status, socio-economic and demographic characteristics; odds ratios were calculated to measure the associations. Poisson regression models were adjusted in order to analyse the associations between mortality and explanatory variables; the relative risk of death was calculated to measure the associations. Results: Poor SRH was reported by 25.9% of respondents, and the mortality rate after four years of follow-up was 3.6%. An association was found between SRH and the presence of chronic disease and disability in men and women. A perception of poor health vs good health led to a mortality risk of 3.0 in men and 2.7 in women. SRH was predictive of mortality, even after adjusting for all other variables. In men and women, the presence of disability provided additional predictive ability. Conclusions: SRH was predictive of mortality in both men and women, and acted as a mediator between socio-economic, demographic and health conditions and mortality.

Cultura médica popular y evolución de la mortalidad: los cuidados de salud en la infancia durante la España contemporánea

Tomando como marco espacial y cronológico la España de finales del XIX y primeras décadas del siglo XX, el trabajo analiza los cuidados prodigados a la infancia en materia de salud, y aborda el estudio de las causas de «orden cultural» que explican el fenómeno del descenso de la mortalidad infantil y juvenil. A partir de la literatura de divulgación higiénico-sanitaria, se exponen algunas de las prácticas y los cuidados que se aplicaban en el ámbito familiar, de forma particular por parte de las madres, para resolver los problemas de salud de los más pequeños.