Valoración energética de subproductos de palmera datilera

Este trabajo se integra en el marco de un estudio de valoración energética de subproductos obtenidos de la palmera datilera, disponibles en grandes cantidades y que actualmente no se valorizan. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en evaluar los subproductos de la palmera datilera, y en concreto, estudiar el poder calorífico superior de las principales especies presentes en los oasis, y en obtener, mediante pirolisis de estos subproductos, carbón activo, y de esta al forma valorar residuos, obtener un aprovechamiento económico secundario, al mismo tiempo que estamos valorando estos residuos. El estudio se realiza sobre siete especies arbóreas, entre ellas cinco variedades de palmera datiliera, y en concreto sobre un único subproducto. Los resultados de estas pruebas permitieron poner de manifiesto que el Poder Calorífico de las especies que habitan los oasis es más importante que el de las otras especies arbóreas. El residuo sólido se obtiene de la madera de la parte inferior del árbol que se llama (Kornaf), activada a una temperatura de 700 °C utilizando el vapor de agua como agente de activación. Se estudió la calidad del carbón activo obtenido, mediante el cálculo de su superficie específica, y resultó de buena calidad (1050m2/g).

Viability study of automobile shredder residue as fuel

Car Fluff samples collected from a shredding plant in Italy were classified based on particle size, and three different size fractions were obtained in this way. A comparison between these size fractions and the original light fluff was made from two different points of view: (i) the properties of each size fraction as a fuel were evaluated and (ii) the pollutants evolved when each size fraction was subjected to combustion were studied. The aim was to establish which size fraction would be the most suitable for the purposes of energy recovery. The light fluff analyzed contained up to 50 wt.% fines (particle size < 20 mm). However, its low calorific value and high emissions of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), generated during combustion, make the fines fraction inappropriate for energy recovery, and therefore, landfilling would be the best option. The 50–100 mm fraction exhibited a high calorific value and low PCDD/F emissions were generated when the sample was combusted, making it the most suitable fraction for use as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Results obtained suggest that removing fines from the original ASR sample would lead to a material product that is more suitable for use as RDF.

Physical and chemical evaluation of furniture waste briquettes

Furniture waste is mainly composed of wood and upholstery foam (mostly polyurethane foam). Both of these have a high calorific value, therefore, energy recovery would be an appropriate process to manage these wastes. Nevertheless, the drawback is that the energy content of these wastes is limited due to their low density mainly that of upholstery foam. Densification of separate foam presents difficulties due to its elastic character. The significance of this work lies in obtaining densified material by co-densification of furniture wood waste and polyurethane foam waste. Densification of furniture wood and the co-densification of furniture wood waste with polyurethane foam have been studied. On the one hand, the parameters that have an effect on the quality of the furniture waste briquettes have been analysed, i.e., moisture content, compaction pressure, presence of lignin, etc. The maximum weight percentage of polyurethane foam that can be added with furniture wood waste to obtain durable briquettes and the optimal moisture were determined. On the other hand, some parameters were analysed in order to evaluate the possible effect on the combustion. The chemical composition of waste wood was compared with untreated wood biomass; the higher nitrogen content and the concentration of some metals were the most important differences, with a significant difference of Ti content.