Opinions about judo athletes’ image

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate opinions of persons who are involved with judo about judo athletes’ personality. METHODS: For this purpose 132 coaches, athletes, students of Department of Physical Education and Sport Science (DEPESS) and students of military school answered to a 35-item questionnaire describing their image towards judo athletes, in regard to social, volition, active, physical and emotional nature. RESULTS: statistical analysis showed that all the groups rated from the average, to somewhat strong and, also, to strong, while coaches rated higher to the most items. More specifically, one way ANOVA revealed significant differences, with coaches rating significantly higher, in the items of “being healthy” in physical nature (F=2.85, p<0.05), in items “having proper manner” and “being sincere” in social nature, (F=3.41, p<0.05 and F=3.09, p<0.05 respectively), “being positive” in active nature (F=3.95, p<0.05). Also in the items “being mild” (F=3.04, p<0.05), “being cheerful” (F=3.60, p<0.05) and “being carefree” (F=2.98, p<0.05) in emotional nature. Moreover, students of military school rating significantly higher in the item of “being cautious” in active nature (F=2.51, p<0.05) and in the item of “having power of concentration” in active nature both students of military school and of DEPESS rating significantly higher (F=5.66, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The high rating in the most items might be due to the nature of the attitudes provided and cultured during the judo lessons, practice time and matches. Moreover, the differences between the groups for the coaches group might be observed because they have the most real image for judo athletes.

Participation and performance trends in 6-hour ultra-marathoners – a retrospective data analysis of worldwide participation from 1991-2010

Participation trends in 6-hour ultra-marathons held word-wide were investigated to gain basic demographic data on 6-hour ultra-marathoners and where these races took place. Participation trends and the association between nationality and race performance were investigated in all 6-hour races held worldwide between 1991 and 2010. Participation increased linearly in both women and men across years. The annual number of finishes was significantly higher in men than in women (P=0.013). The male-to-female ratio remained stable at ~4 since 1991. Runners in age group 45-49 years showed the largest increase in participation for both men (800 participants in 18 years) and women (208 participants in 16 years). Europe attracted most of the runners from other continents (166 runners), more than all other continents combined (55 runners). European runners also showed the best top ten performances (73±3 km for women and 77±11 km for men), while African (with 65±9 km for men) and South American (54±4 km for women and 65±2 km for men) runners showed the weakest. To summarize, participation in 6-hour ultra-marathons increased across years. Most of the development took place in Europe and in athletes in the age group 45-49 years. Europe also attracted the most diverse field of athletes with runners from all other continents. European runners accounted for the most runners and achieved the best top ten performances.

An experimental study on Aerobic Gymnastic: performance analysis as an effective evaluation for technique and teaching of motor gestures

Aerobic Gymnastic is the ability to perform complex movements produced by the traditional aerobic exercises, in a continuous manner, with high intensity, perfectly integrated with soundtracks. This sport is performed in an aerobic/anaerobic lactacid condition and expects the execution of complex movements produced by the traditional aerobic exercises integrated with difficulty elements performed with a high technical level. An inaccuracy about this sport is related to the name itself “aerobic” because Aerobic Gymnastic does not use just the aerobic work during the competition, due to the fact that the exercises last among 1’30” and 1’45” at high rhythm. Agonistic Aerobics exploit the basic movements of amateur Aerobics and its coordination schemes, even though the agonistic Aerobics is so much intense than the amateur Aerobics to need a completely different mix of energetic mechanisms. Due to the complexity and the speed with which you perform the technical elements of Aerobic Gymnastic, the introduction of video analysis is essential for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of athletes’ performance during the training. The performance analysis can allow the accurate analysis and explanation of the evolution and dynamics of a historical phenomenon and motor sports. The notational analysis is used by technicians to have an objective analysis of performance. Tactics, technique and individual movements can be analyzed to help coaches and athletes to re-evaluate their performance and gain advantage during the competition. The purpose of the following experimental work will be a starting point for analyzing the performance of the athletes in an objective way, not only during competitions, but especially during the phases of training. It is, therefore, advisable to introduce the video analysis and notational analysis for more quantitative and qualitative examination of technical movements. The goal is to lead to an improvement of the technique of the athlete and the teaching of the coach.

La aplicación de las medidas correctivas de control de la estabilidad presupuestaria y sostenibilidad financiera a las subvenciones

A través del presente trabajo se pretende analizar algunas de las medidas correctivas que sobre la Administración pública impone la LOEPSF. En concreto, la contenida en el art. 20.3 de la citada Ley, que obliga a recabar un informe del Ministerio de Hacienda para la percepción de subvenciones públicas a los entes del sector público integrados en Comunidades Autónomas que no hayan cumplido los objetivos de déficit. El trabajo defiende una interpretación restrictiva del citado precepto sobre la base del análisis del presupuesto de hecho de la norma y su naturaleza de norma sancionadora.

Ingesta energética y de macronutrientes en mujeres atletas

Objetivo: determinar la ingesta de macronutrientes adecuada para mejorar el estado nutricional de las mujeres atletas y su rendimiento deportivo. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos: EBSCO, Proquest, Pubmed y OvidSP, empleando las palabras clave “protein intake” AND “athletes” y “endurance athletes” AND “nutrition”. Criterios de selección: artículos originales sobre el consumo de proteínas en atletas femeninas (Entre 2009 y 2014), en revistas científicas indexadas. Resultados: se identificaron 722 artículos, de los cuales solo el 1,4% fueron considerados como incluidos. El 100% eran ensayos clínicos finalizados y publicados en el extranjero, el 50% en EE. UU. El 20% eran estudios exclusivos de mujeres atletas y el 80% incluían hombres y mujeres en la muestra. En el 70% de los estudios las mujeres atletas presentaron déficits energéticos; en la ingesta proteica, el 70% cumplieron con las recomendaciones dietéticas; la ingesta de hidratos de carbono fue inadecuada en el 90% de los ensayos clínicos y, en el 50%, las mujeres presentaban una sobreingesta de grasas. Conclusiones: existe una deficiencia de información acerca de la nutrición en mujeres atletas en Europa y a nivel internacional. Las atletas femeninas consumen energía y macronutrientes en menor proporción que los atletas masculinos. No existe consenso en el rango de proteínas recomendado y se encuentran discrepancias en el consumo en función del tipo de ejercicio físico que se realice. Se recomienda llevar a cabo un acuerdo entre instituciones científicas de prestigio sobre la ingesta energética y de macronutrientes en el deporte, especialmente en la mujer.