Real-time monitoring of electrochemically active biofilm developing behavior on bioanode by using EQCM and ATR/FTIR

In the current study, the relationship between current and biomass and bio-adhesion mechanism of electrogenic biofilm on electrode were investigated using EQCM and ATR-SEIRAS linking electrochemistry. The results indicated that cellular biomass of biofilm on QCM-crystal surface showed maximum value of 6.0 μg/cm2 in initial batch and 11.5 μg/cm2 in the second batch on mature biofilm, producing a similar maximum current density of 110 μA/μg. Especially, the optimum cell biomass linking high electricity production ratio (110 μA/μg) occurred before maximum biomass coming, implying that over-growth mature biofilm is not an optimum state for enhancing power output of MFCs. On the other hand, the spectra using ATR-SEIRAS technique linking electrochemistry obviously exhibited water structure adsorption change at early biofilm formation and meanwhile the water adsorption accompanied the adsorbed bacteria and the bound cells population on the electrode increased with time. Meanwhile, the direct contact of bacteria and electrode via outer-membrane protein can be confirmed via a series spectra shift at amide I and amide II modes and water movement from negative bands displacing by adsorbed bacteria. Our study provided supplementary information about the interaction between the microbes and electrode beyond traditional electrochemistry.

Juan Antonio Fernández (1752-1814), el epigrafista accidental

En 1789, a instancias del prior Antonio Tavira, Juan Antonio Fernández se trasladó a Uclés (Cuenca) para llevar a cabo la ordenación y clasificación del archivo de la Orden de Santiago. Allí supo de la existencia de las ruinas romanas de Cabeza del Griego (Segobriga) y llevó a cabo con Tavira las primeras excavaciones. Durante ese tiempo, descubrieron un buen número de inscripciones romanas y Juan Antonio Fernández llevó a cabo la primera recopilación de las inscripciones de Segobriga. Después de su muerte en 1814, muchos de los documentos fueron comprados por la Real Academia de la Historia.