Análisis sociológico de los factores de riesgo sexual en la población universitaria. Un estudio comparativo

Objetivo principal: El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los factores de riesgo sexual y su relación con la estructura familiar de la que forman parte los estudiantes universitarios según el grado que cursan. Metodología: Se aplicó un cuestionario a 220 alumnos de los dos títulos de grado de la Universidad de Alicante (España). Resultados principales: Los resultados muestran que el 70.1% de los estudiantes se inició en la sexualidad entre los 16-18 años. El 95.5% ha utilizado métodos anticonceptivos en su primera relación sexual. Los estudiantes de enfermería recibieron la información sexual a través de los centros educativos y los estudiantes de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (ADE) la obtuvieron de los amigos. Conclusión principal: Se concluye que en la población universitaria siguen presentes conductas que conllevan riesgos para la salud, no encontrándose influenciados por la estructura familiar de origen. Actualmente, existe cierta disociación entre la información que reciben los estudiantes y las conductas inseguras que llevan a cabo.

Knowledge and attitudes of Spanish adolescent girls towards human papillomavirus infection: where to intervene to improve vaccination coverage

Background: HPV vaccine coverage is far from ideal in Valencia, Spain, and this could be partially related to the low knowledge about the disease and the vaccine, therefore we assessed these, as well as the attitude towards vaccination in adolescent girls, and tried to identify independently associated factors that could potentially be modified by an intervention in order to increase vaccine coverage. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a random selection of schools of the Spanish region of Valencia. We asked mothers of 1278 girls, who should have been vaccinated in the 2011 campaign, for informed consent. Those that accepted their daughters’ participation, a questionnaire regarding the Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine was passed to the girls in the school. Results: 833 mothers (65.1%) accepted participation. All their daughters’ responded the questionnaire. Of those, 89.9% had heard about HPV and they associated it to cervical cancer. Only 14% related it to other problems like genital warts. The knowledge score of the girls who had heard about HPV was 6.1/10. Knowledge was unrelated to the number of contacts with the health system (Pediatrician or nurse), and positively correlated with the discussions with classmates about the vaccine. Adolescents Spanish in origin or with an older sister vaccinated, had higher punctuation. 67% of the girls thought that the vaccine prevented cancer, and 22.6% felt that although prevented cancer the vaccine had important safety problems. 6.4% of the girls rejected the vaccine for safety problems or for not considering themselves at risk of infection. 71.5% of the girls had received at least one vaccine dose. Vaccinated girls scored higher knowledge (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine was fair in adolescents of Valencia, and is independent to the number of contacts with the health system, it is however correlated to the conversations about the vaccine with their peers and the vaccination status. An action to improve HPV knowledge through health providers might increase vaccine coverage in the adolescents.