Hacer es pensar: el aprendizaje a través del inventariado y el dibujo del patrimonio arquitectónico

Las materias de la Composición Arquitectónica (Historia, Teoría, Crítica y Patrimonio de Arquitectura), por sus fuertes dosis humanísticas, parece que se nutran, fundamentalmente, de textos escritos y reflexiones teóricas. Sin embargo, todas estas fuentes hermenéuticas se refieren, en primera y última instancia, a la realidad, a los hechos que fueron o son: ciudades y arquitecturas. Así pues, los contenidos docentes que abordan las teorías de intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico se sustentan sobre la base de la existencia de inventarios y de textos teóricos. ¿Cómo podemos ampliar las bases de este conocimiento y verificar el aprendizaje de los principios que rigen los criterios de actuación sobre el patrimonio? En atención a esta reflexión y a la máxima de que “Hacer es Pensar”, se propone redirigir la asignatura de Composición Arquitectónica 6 (Grado de Arquitectura) hacia las labores de investigación mediante los trabajos de campo de inventariado de arquitecturas, su documentación gráfica y cartográfica (levantamientos) y la aplicación al mismo de propuestas de intervención individuales y de conjunto. Aprender supondrá investigar ampliando los inventarios con trabajos de campo y tomando estos documentos gráficos como punto de partida de los proyectos de intervención en el patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico.

Economic crisis and tourism competitiveness in Spain: permanent effects or transitory shocks?

This paper considers the influence of business cycles and economic crises on Spain's tourism competitiveness. This competitiveness is measured by its share in world tourism. Analysing the presence of unit roots in the market share series from 1958 to 2010, the permanent effects of economic crises on competitiveness are evaluated. The evidence from standard linear unit root tests indicates that crises on Spanish market shares are highly persistent. When we account for endogenously determined structural breaks, we obtain greater support for stationarity, but breakpoints are identified with major economic crises. Therefore the main conclusion obtained is that the effects of the economic shocks are not neutral on competitiveness, with the negative effects being more persistent in highly intensive crises. These crises reinforce a natural downward trend of the Spanish world tourism market share caused by the natural emergence of new competing destinations and by the maturity of the Spain's principal tourism product.

Is a cluster a necessary condition for success? The case of Benidorm

This paper analyses the application of the cluster concept to tourist destinations using Benidorm as a case study. A questionnaire was administered to tourism firms based in Benidorm in order to determine whether this destination currently constitutes a tourism cluster or whether it possesses the ideal characteristics to become a cluster with the private agents' collaboration, that is, whether it is a potential cluster. The results obtained from this research indicate that Benidorm's success is not derived from the presence of a cluster due to a series of elements that prevent its existence. In this destination there is a need to strengthen cooperation between public and private agents (especially in those areas that determine the competitive advantage of the destination) and to design a strategy based on shared goals. Both of these elements are fundamental for the characterisation of a cluster.

Exploring the relationship between educational mismatch, earnings and job satisfaction in the tourism industry

This article analyses the interrelationship between educational mismatch, wages and job satisfaction in the Spanish tourism sector in the first years of the global economic crisis. It is shown that there is a much higher incidence of over-education among workers in the Spanish tourism sector than in the rest of the economy despite this sector recording lower educational levels. This study estimates two models to analyse the influence of the educational mismatch on wages and job satisfaction for workers in the tourism industry and for the Spanish economy as a whole. The first model shows that in the tourism sector, the wage penalty associated with over-education is approximately 10%. The second reveals that in the tourism sector the levels of satisfaction of over-educated workers are considerably lower than those corresponding to workers well assigned. With respect to the differences between tourism and the overall economy in both aspects, the wage penalty is substantially lower in the case of tourism industries and the effect of over-education on job satisfaction is very similar to that of the economy as a whole in a context where both wages and the private returns to education are considerably lower in the tourism sector.