147 resultados para Edificación
Resumo:
The main contribution to the radiological impact from natural radiation received by general population is due to the emission of radon (222Rn). The objective of this project is the study of radon gas as a radioactive element in our buildings (existing and future constructions) to avoid its influence in interior rooms. The proposed methodology reflects different aspects of natural radioactivity in buildings, their sources, their control criteria and regulatory framework; aspects related to the presence of radon in our constructions, entryways, measurement methodology for indoor environmental concentration are studied; other protection solutions and remediation measures in both existing buildings and new construction projects are analyzed. In conclusion, the paper presents previous evaluation tools, the analysis of existing concentration and the choice of the most appropriate mitigation / remediation measures depending on each case, through the establishment of different architectural proposals to plan actions against radon where necessary.
Resumo:
Today, the requirement of professional skills to university students is constantly increasing in our society. In our opinion, the content offered in official degrees need to be nourished with different variables, enriching their global professional knowledge in a parallel way; that is why, in recent years, there is a great multiplicity of complementary courses at university. One of the most socially demanded technical requirements within the architectural, design or engineering field is the management of 3D drawing software, becoming an indispensable reality in these sectors. Thus, this specific training becomes essential over two-dimension traditional design, because the inclusion of great possibilities of spatial development that go beyond conventional orthographic projections (plans, sections or elevations), allowing modelling and rotation of the selected items from multiple angles and perspectives. Therefore, this paper analyzes the teaching methodology of a complementary course for those technicians in the construction industry interested in computer-aided design, using modelling (SketchupMake) and rendering programs (Kerkythea). The course is developed from the technician point of view, by learning computer management and its application to professional development from a more general to a more specific view through practical examples. The proposed methodology is based on the development of real examples in different professional environments such as rehabilitation, new constructions, opening projects or architectural design. This multidisciplinary contribution improves criticism of students in different areas, encouraging new learning strategies and the independent development of three-dimensional solutions. Thus, the practical implementation of new situations, even suggested by the students themselves, ensures active participation, saving time during the design process and the increase of effectiveness when generating elements which may be represented, moved or virtually tested. In conclusion, this teaching-learning methodology improves the skills and competencies of students to face the growing professional demands of society. After finishing the course, technicians not only improved their expertise in the field of drawing but they also enhanced their capacity for spatial vision; both essential qualities in these sectors that can be applied to their professional development with great success.
Resumo:
The main objectives of this research are (i) to determine the correct use of infrared thermography in the energy analysis of buildings and to verify its application in conducting energy audits thereof; (ii) to conduct a proposal for a standard methodology (with its corresponding final report) for energy audit of buildings based on currently applicable regulations, specifying the parts of the audit process where the authors propose to include thermal inspections by using infrared thermography.
Resumo:
Both the current economic situation in the construction sector and the continuous normative changes in the building area imply the use of new methodologies to enhance students’ competences in the degree of Building Engineer. The aim of this paper is to present, analyse and discuss the development of constructive workshops as a new teaching methodology used in the subject of Construction of Structures I at the University of Alicante to complement the constructive and technical knowledge acquired by our students and to enhance their communicative and representation skills essential for their professional practice in the future. The used methodology is based on the development of three-dimensional construction details (in groups of 3 or 4 students) to be shown in two A1-pannels exposed in the corridors of the Polytechnic School. Thus, students’ work approaches constructive problems in a global way by discussing simultaneously with teachers and other groups about the most suitable solution on each case. This contribution has multiperspective results and improves criticism of students in different areas, encouraging new learning strategies and active participation. What is more, on-line information and web applications have been used to prepare and organize this kind of workshops, allowing students to use new technologies as a complementary learning methodology. In conclusion, the use of these new workshops in the Degree of Building Engineer stimulates an interactive class versus a traditional lecture where the participative groups´ attitude and the development of oral presentations dissolve the traditional boundaries regarding public communication skills of the students in the Degree.
Resumo:
Excavated towns are an attractive example of underground urbanism that managed to solve, in a very interesting way, thermal problems thanks to natural ground inertia or transition spaces. The aim of this paper is to show the typological evolution of excavated dwellings worldwide, as an architectural proposal and urban solution. The proposed methodology provides an analysis of underground architectures from natural caves to excavated housing, focusing on the study of global constructive solutions to specific problems. Thus, architectures as a natural geography correction (horizontal excavation), buried underground architectures (vertical excavation), subtractive architectures (shallow excavation) and combined architectures (mixed excavation) are studied. In conclusion, there are many examples of typological combinations since troglodyte architects tried to adapt the most elementary constructive rules to get greatly enriched results. These proposals of different underground structures deal with each territory and its geographical features, and obtain urban and architectural solutions transferable to current configurations.
Resumo:
Underground architecture has sheltered man for many centuries, but the current need to emphasize the bioclimatic approach makes the study of excavated housing essential. This traditional construction is a part of the collective human living experience but also a reference in using the natural conditions of each region through simple proposals based on ground thermal inertia. The aim of this paper is to show the typological evolution of the excavated dwelling in Crevillente, in southeast Spain, compared to other worldwide architectural proposals or urban solutions. To show their adaptation to the regional geography and to comprehend both formal and material characteristics of these simple typologies, which do not need extra energy contribution for interior conditioning. This work is part of the doctoral thesis of the author.
Resumo:
Nowadays, on a global level, the Higher Education System has a complex and broad horizon of curricular tools to use in the teaching and learning process. In addition to these new educational instruments, full of possibilities, we face specific socio-economic conditions that affect in a significantly way the Curriculum Development in certain knowledge areas (areas traditionally built on a methodology based on a physical presence of students in the classroom). Some areas such as Restoration, Rehabilitation or Construction Pathologies, and the construction sector in general, require very defined and particular knowledge that only a small number of experts claim as specialized training. All these aspects condition the teaching methodology performed in a physical classroom at a university campus (the only option used until recent years) and made us consider the integration of online teaching in these areas too. The present work shows the teaching methodology used for the development of two online courses, where we offer distance learning for "highly specialized" formation in the Edification area (an area where traditionally there was only classroom training). At the beginning, both courses were designed by classroom training, but got a really small number of applications due to the specialized topic proposed. Later, we proposed a "Curriculum Redesign" of the contents, offering an online modality, which implied a significant demand both within and outside the university area. A notable feature of this educational experience is the great spectrum opened for attendees of both courses in the online version. This situation improved significantly the "Curriculum Development" for the student and implied an interesting new proposal on the offered contents and materials (what would have been really difficult to get in a face to face classroom). In conclusion, the absence of certain types of specialized contents in the academic university curricula makes essential to raise new methodologies to save the gap in this area through additional training courses as those analyzed in this paper. Thus, our experience opens a debate on the appropriateness of implementing online training in relation to the face to face training in constructive content subjects and, especially, presents a new scheme, not without controversy, for the curriculum design.
Resumo:
The implantation of new university degrees within the European Higher Education Area implies the need of innovative methodologies in teaching and learning to improve the skills and competencies of students and to answer the growing needs that society continuously demands to heritage management experts. The present work shows an application of the teaching methodology proposed during the international workshop entitled “I International Planning Preservation Workshop. Learning from Al Andalus”, which included the participation of the University of Alicante and Granada, Università Politecnico di Milano and Hunter College City University of New York; where we tried to dissolve traditional boundaries derived of interuniversity cooperation programs. The main objective of the workshop was to discuss and debate the role of urban Historical Centers within the Global Heritage by the integrated work through multidisciplinary teams and the creation of a permanent international working group between these universities to both teach and research. The methodology of this workshop was very participatory and considered the idea of a new learning process generated by "a journey experience." A trip from global to local (from the big city to the small village) but also a trip from the local (historical) part of a big city to the global dimension of contemporary historical villages identified by the students through a system of exhibition panels in affinity groups, specific projects proposed by lecturers and teachers or the generation of publications in various areas (texts, photographs, videos, etc.). So, the participation of the students in this multidisciplinary meeting has enhanced their capacity for self-criticism in several disciplines and has promoted their ability to perform learning and research strategies in an autonomous way. As a result, it has been established a permanent international work structure for the development of projects of the Historical City. This relationship has generated the publication of several books whose contents have reflected the conclusions developed in the workshop and several teaching proposals shared between those institutions. All these aspects have generated a new way of understanding the teaching process through a journey, in order to study the representative role of university in the historical heritage and to make students (from planning, heritage management, architecture, geography, sociology, history or engineering areas) be compromised on searching strategies for sustainable development in the Contemporary City.
Resumo:
The subject of Construction of Structures I studies, from a constructive point of view and taking into account current legislation, reinforced concrete structures used in buildings, through the acquisition of knowledge and construction criteria required in the profession of a Technical Architect. The contents acquired in this course are essential for further professional development of technicians and are closely related to many of the subjects taught in the same or other courses of the Degree in Technical Architecture at the University of Alicante. The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and discuss the development of a new methodology proposed in the mentioned subject, as it supposed an important change in the traditional way of teaching Construction and Structures I. In order to incorporate new teaching tools in 2013-2014, the course has been implemented by using a Moodle software tool to promote blended learning with online exercises. Our Moodle community allows collaborative work within an open-source platform where teachers and students share a new and personalized learning environment. Students are easily used to the interface and the platform, value the constant connection with teachers or other fellows and completely agree with the possibility of making questions or share documents 24 hours a day. The proposed methodology consists of lectures and practical classes. In the lectures, the basics of each topic are discussed; class attendance, daily study and conducting scheduled exercises are indispensable. Practical classes allow to consolidate the knowledge gained in theory classes by solving professional exercises and actual construction problems related to structures, that shall be compulsorily delivered online. So, after the correction of the teacher and the subsequent feedback of students, practical exercises ensure lifelong learning of the student, who can download any kind of material at any time (constructive details, practical exercises and even corrected exams). Regarding the general evaluation system, goals achievement is assessed on an ongoing basis (65% of the final mark) along the course through written and graphic evidences in person and online, as well as a individual development of a workbook. In all cases, the acquisition of skills, the ability to synthesize, the capacity of logical and critical thinking are assessed. The other 35 % of the mark is evaluated by a complementary graphic exam. Participation in the computing platform is essential and the student is required to do and present, at least 90% of the practices proposed. Those who do not comply with the practices in each specific date could not be assessed continuously and may only choose the final exam. In conclusion, the subject of Construction of Structures I is essential in the development of the regulated profession of Technical Architect as they are considered, among other professional profiles, as specialists in construction of building structures. The use of a new communication platform and online teaching allows the acquisition of knowledge and constructive approaches in a continuous way, with a more direct and personal monitoring by the teacher that has been highly appreciated by almost 100% of the students. Ultimately, it is important to say that the use of Moodle in this subject is a very interesting tool, which was really well welcome by students in one of the densest and important subjects of the Degree of Technical Architecture.
Resumo:
Esta comunicación está basada en el análisis de los modelos estructurales existentes en la naturaleza como punto de partida de proyectos de estructuras en el ámbito de la arquitectura. Pretende resumir la forma de abordar el proyecto estructural arquitectónico desde la experimentación, desde la generación de la forma partiendo de procesos de autoformación y siendo acorde, en todo momento, con los planteamientos de las construcciones ligeras. Se plantea el análisis del comportamiento estructural de objetos de la naturaleza y la interpretación que de él han realizado arquitectos tan relevantes como Frei Otto, Antonio Gaudí o Bodo Rasch. En primer lugar se propone el estudio y análisis de una estructura ya proyectada y/o construida por arquitectos especialistas en el diseño de estructuras arquitectónicas. Este análisis se produce a través de la construcción de un modelo a escala. Posteriormente, se pide al alumno que proyecte una segunda maqueta en el que tenga que aplicar los conceptos extraídos del primer ejercicio, valorándolos y, en su caso, proponiendo mejoras. En el proceso de experimentación se trabaja sobre membranas, cáscaras, estructuras de tensegridad, neumáticas, óseas, de crecimiento fractal, en general, estructuras ligeras. En conclusión, establecer un procedimiento inverso, partir de la experimentación y, posteriormente, buscar las justificaciones teóricas. Este procedimiento permite al alumno conocer, de forma experimental, el comportamiento de los distintos tipos estructurales, cotejándolos con la carga teórica y siendo posible aplicarlo en futuros proyectos originales.
Resumo:
Debido a la futura implantación del nuevo Título de Grado de Arquitectura, es preciso potenciar nuevas metodologías docentes que respondan a las competencias específicas del arquitecto y a las crecientes demandas de la sociedad. Por ello, se ha propuesto la realización de un taller vertical vinculando las dos últimas asignaturas de construcción del plan de estudios de Arquitectura, ya que ambas comparten una mayor relación con la práctica profesional y con los requerimientos constructivos exigibles al futuro arquitecto. La metodología docente empleada consiste en la realización de trabajos prácticos vinculando alumnos entre ambas asignaturas. Trabajo supervisado mediante correcciones conjuntas con la participación del profesorado de las asignaturas implicadas. La puesta en común de conocimientos y habilidades entre los alumnos de los dos niveles de formación promueve la interacción y discusión pública en “talleres verticales” donde el alumno desarrolla su capacidad para transmitir sus ideas y soluciones en público, sabiendo argumentar y defender las resoluciones técnicas por él propuestas ante los compañeros y el profesorado. En conclusión, los alumnos de ambas asignaturas muestran un mayor interés por esta metodología docente ya que proporciona una visión constructiva más completa, proporcionando soluciones alternativas al trabajo de los compañeros.
Resumo:
Tras los sustanciales cambios en el plan de estudios actual debido a la futura implantación del nuevo Título de Grado de Arquitectura, es preciso dar cabida a metodologías docentes que potencien las habilidades y competencias específicas del arquitecto al tiempo que respondan a las prestaciones que demanda la sociedad de la Arquitectura. Por ello, se ha propuesto, en distintas asignaturas de la titulación, un taller multidisciplinar que engloba tres de las áreas de conocimiento fundamentales para el desarrollo del alumno de arquitectura como son Proyectos, Estructuras y Construcción. Con ejercicios de este tipo, se pretende contribuir a una mayor coordinación entre estas áreas con el fin de que los estudiantes no perciban la docencia fragmentada en disciplinas estancas. La metodología docente empleada ha consistido en la realización de un trabajo práctico común con un tema de carácter social, con el objetivo de involucrar a los futuros arquitectos en el desarrollo de propuestas reales. Trabajo supervisado mediante correcciones conjuntas con la participación del profesorado de las tres asignaturas de manera coordinada. En conclusión, el alumnado ha mostrado una preferencia mayoritaria por esta metodología docente ya que proporciona una visión conjunta entre asignaturas, englobadas en un único trabajo vinculado a la práctica profesional real.
Resumo:
The implantation of the new Architecture Degree and the important normative changes in the building sector imply the need to use new teaching methodologies that enhance skills and competences in order to response to the increasing requirements demanded by society to the future architect. The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and discuss the development of multidisciplinary workshops as a new teaching methodology used in several Construction subjects of the Architecture Degree in the University of Alicante. Workshops conceived with the aim to synthesize and complement the technical knowledge acquired by the students during the Degree and to enhance the skills and competencies necessary for the professional practice. With that purpose, we decided to experiment on current subjects of the degree during this academic year, by applying the requirements defined in the future Architecture Degree in a practical way, through workshops between different subjects, superposing the technical knowledge with the resolution of constructive problems in the development of an architectural project. Developing these workshops between subjects we can dissolve the traditional boundaries between different areas of the Degree. This multidisciplinary workshop methodology allows the use of all the global knowledge acquired by students during their studies and at the same time, it enhances students’ ability to communicate and discuss their ideas and solutions in public. It also increases their capacity of self-criticism, and it foments their ability to undertake learning strategies and research in an autonomous way. The used methodology is based on the development of a practical work common to several subjects of different knowledge areas within the "Technology Block" of the future Architecture Degree. Thus, students work approaching the problem in a global way discussing simultaneously with teachers from different areas. By using these new workshops we stimulate an interactive class versus a traditional lecture. Work is evaluated continuously, valuing the participative pupil´s attitude, working in groups in class time, reaching weekly objectives and stimulating the individual responsibility and positive interdependence of the pupil inside the working group. The exercises are designed to improve students’ ability to transmit their ideas and solutions in public, knowing how to discuss and defend their technical resolutions to peers and teachers (Peer Reviewing), their capacity for self-criticism and their capacity to undertake strategies and autonomous learning processes at the same time they develop a personal research into new technologies, systems and materials. Students have shown their majority preference for this teaching methodology by the multidisciplinary workshops offered in the last years, with very satisfactory academic results. In conclusion, it can be verified nowadays the viability of the introduction of new contents and new teaching methodologies necessary for the acquisition of the skills in the future Architecture Degree, through workshops between several subjects that have had a great acceptance in students and positive contrasted academic results.
Resumo:
Esta edición del libro Campus Universidad de Alicante, UA, que revisa y amplía la de 2012 y la pone a libre disposición en formato digital, recoge y muestra, con delicadeza y esmero, la arquitectura y el urbanismo tanto del Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig como de las Sedes Universitarias y Estaciones Científicas de la institución, con ocasión del 35º aniversario de la misma. La presentación del libro corre a cargo del Rector, Manuel Palomar, quien aprovecha la ocasión para repasar brevemente la historia del Campus y dar algunas pistas de las principales claves de su conformación. El primer capítulo ofrece una perspectiva humana de la UA, mientras que en el segundo se explica la evolución urbanística del Campus, desde su origen en los pabellones de los años 40 del campamento militar de Rabasa hasta la Modificación del Plan Especial de Reserva de Suelo Dotacional de la UA, para su expansión en forma de Parque Científico y Empresarial. El capítulo de esculturas, espacios públicos y jardinería expone las zonas verdes, ya que su cantidad y, sobre todo, su calidad, es una de las principales señas de identidad del Campus. El capítulo de las obras realizadas antes de 1980 trata de los pabellones acondicionados en 1968 por Juan Antonio García-Solera para acomodar las instalaciones del CEU de Alicante, precedente de la UA, de la torre de control y del hangar del primitivo aeródromo. En las obras realizadas entre 1980 y 1990 se recogen las actuaciones de ampliación del Campus al oeste del mismo, bajo las directrices que, después, caracterizarán el conjunto y que obedecen a la Ley de Reforma Universitaria de 1983: la separación de los usos docentes (aularios), administrativos (facultades) y de investigación (institutos). El capítulo de las obras realizadas entre 1990 y 2000 da razón del reconocimiento y la proyección internacionales del Campus de la UA, por albergar una serie de arquitecturas realmente notables y alguna sobresaliente. En las obras realizadas después de 2000 y de ampliación de la UA, se recogen, por una parte, pequeñas obras puntuales, así como una importante infraestructura, la parada del TRAM en el acceso a la UA. En la ampliación del Campus, cabe destacar la Facultad de Educación. Completa el libro un capítulo dedicado a Sedes Universitarias y Estaciones Científicas. Las sedes se alojan, generalmente, en el centro urbano de las poblaciones que las albergan y en edificios históricos; las estaciones, en excelentes parajes naturales. En definitiva, la publicación da buena cuenta del patrimonio arquitectónico y paisajístico de la Universidad de Alicante, uno de sus principales activos, y despierta el deseo de visitarlo y disfrutarlo personalmente y responder así a la amable invitación que el Rector nos gira desde sus líneas de bienvenida y presentación.
Resumo:
Versión inglesa y digital del libro "Campus Universidad de Alicante".