El reto y la oportunidad de acabar con el hambre: reflexiones desde la obra de José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010)

El trabajo aborda, a través de la obra de José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010), la condición de intolerable social que alcanzó, a lo largo del siglo XX, el problema del hambre y la desnutrición. Así mismo, intenta mostrar la oportunidad que comportaba dicho reto, si como parecía razonable, se trataba de corregir los factores condicionantes que estaban detrás del hambre y la desnutrición, en particular la pobreza y la falta de equidad.

Turismo, urbanización y estilos de vida: las nuevas formas de movilidad residencial

En los últimos treinta años el turismo ligado al alojamiento en viviendas privadas ha desembocado en tipos de movilidad residencial muy complejos. En la ciudadanía de las sociedades europeas más avanzadas ha brotado una nostalgia por paisajes y modos de vida difíciles de hallar en sus entornos habituales, lo que ha contribuido al surgimiento de nuevas formas de turismo y al incremento de las migraciones por motivos residenciales. Es el caso de los retirados europeos que se trasladan a las costas de España, Francia, Italia o Grecia en busca de un imaginado «estilo de vida mediterráneo». Las causas y las consecuencias de este fenómeno han suscitado el interés de la comunidad académica, y no únicamente en relación a los desplazamientos de norte europeos al Mediterráneo. Por eso, en este libro se ha intentado una perspectiva internacional que, junto al caso paradigmático de España, ofrezca un panorama de las dinámicas presentes en países tan dispares como Suecia, Grecia, Italia, Portugal, México, Perú, Brasil, India, Emiratos Árabes y Kenia. En este intento hemos tenido el privilegio de contar con la colaboración de algunos de los más acreditados investigadores que, desde diferentes disciplinas, han abordado las interrelaciones que se establecen entre los procesos de urbanización y las formas de turismo vinculadas a la construcción de viviendas destinadas a un uso no principal, las migraciones internacionales de jubilados o los nuevos estilos de vida transnacionales.

Look-up table of quadrics applied to corneal topography

Resumen de la presentación oral en el 6th EOS Topical Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics (EMVPO 2012), Dublín, 20-22 Agosto 2012.

Kinematics of eyelid movement and eye retraction in the blinking

Resumen del póster expuesto en el 6th EOS Topical Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics (EMVPO 2012), Dublín, 20-22 Agosto 2012.

Look-up table of quadrics applied to corneal topography [Presentation]

Presentación oral realizada en el 6th EOS Topical Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics (EMVPO 2012), Dublín, 20-22 Agosto 2012.

Kinematics of eyelid movement and eye retraction in the blinking [Poster]

Póster presentado en el 6th EOS Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics (EMVPO 2012), Dublín, 20-22 Agosto 2012.

Análisis del uso de métodos de similitud léxica con conocimiento semántico superficial para mapear la información de enfermería en español

Uno de los problemas actuales en el dominio de la salud es reutilizar y compartir la información clínica entre profesionales, ya que ésta se encuentra escrita usando terminologías específicas. Una posible solución es usar un recurso de conocimiento común sobre el que mapear la información existente. Nuestro objetivo es comprobar si la adición de conocimiento semántico superficial puede mejorar los mapeados establecidos. Para ello experimentamos con un conjunto de etiquetas de NANDA-I y con un conjunto de descripciones de SNOMED-CT en castellano. Los resultados obtenidos en los experimentos muestran que la inclusión de conocimiento semántico superficial mejora significativamente el mapeado léxico entre los dos recursos estudiados.

Kinetic study of thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides using differential scanning calorimetry as monitoring window

Kinetics of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition involving azomethine ylides, generated from thermal [1,2]-prototropy of the corresponding imino ester, employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is surveyed. Glycine and phenylalanine derived imino esters have different behavior. The first one prefers reacting with itself at 75 ºC, rather than with the dipolarophile. However, the α-substituted imino ester gives the cycloadduct at higher temperatures. The thermal dynamic analysis by 1H NMR of the neat reaction mixture of the glycine derivative reveals the presence of signals corresponding to the dipole in very small proportion. The non-isothermal and isothermal DSC curves of the cycloaddition of phenylalaninate and diisobutyl fumarate are obtained from freshly prepared samples. The application of known kinetic models and mathematical multiple non-linear regressions (NLR) allow to determine and to compare Ea, lnA, reaction orders, and reaction enthalpy. Finally a rate equation for each different temperature can be established for this particular thermal cycloaddition.

Combined simulation-optimization methodology for the design of environmental conscious absorption systems

This work addresses the optimization of ammonia–water absorption cycles for cooling and refrigeration applications with economic and environmental concerns. Our approach combines the capabilities of process simulation, multi-objective optimization (MOO), cost analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA). The optimization task is posed in mathematical terms as a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear program (moMINLP) that seeks to minimize the total annualized cost and environmental impact of the cycle. This moMINLP is solved by an outer-approximation strategy that iterates between primal nonlinear programming (NLP) subproblems with fixed binaries and a tailored mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The capabilities of our approach are illustrated through its application to an ammonia–water absorption cycle used in cooling and refrigeration applications.

Vapor-liquid equilibria using the Gibbs energy and the common tangent plane criterion

Phase thermodynamics is often perceived as a difficult subject that many students never become fully comfortable with. The Gibbsian geometrical framework can help students to gain a better understanding of phase equilibria. An exercise to interpret the vapor-liquid equilibrium of a binary azeotropic mixture, using the equilibrium condition based on the common tangent plane criterion (the Gibbs stability test), is presented in this paper. From a T-composition phase diagram for the mixture, the temperature is set at different values: above, intermediate to, and below the boiling temperatures of the pure components, to intersect different regions of the system. Students prepare an Excel spreadsheet where the Gibbs energy of mixing of the vapor and liquid mixtures are calculated and represented over the whole range of compositions and then, apply the Gibbs stability test to ascertain the aggregation state of the system and to calculate the VL phase equilibrium compositions. Finally, Matlab is used to generate the 3D Gibbs energy of mixing surfaces for both phases over the whole range of temperatures which facilitates the geometrical interpretation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium.

Correlation of the liquid–liquid equilibrium data for specific ternary systems with one or two partially miscible binary subsystems

This paper presents the results of a liquid–liquid equilibrium data correlation for 11 ternary systems which have not been previously fitted using the NRTL model or, when they have, the results presented in the literature are inconsistent with the experimental behavior of the system. These ternary systems include mixtures with one or two partially miscible pairs. During the correlation process, new restrictions were imposed on the values for the NRTL binary parameters to ensure correct prediction of the total or partial miscibility for the binary pairs involved. In addition, topological concepts related to the Gibbs stability test have been applied in order to validate the results in the whole range of compositions.

Kinetic study of the decompositions involved in the thermal degradation of commercial azodicarbonamide

The transitions and reactions involved in the thermal treatment of several commercial azodicarbonamides (ADC) in an inert atmosphere have been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A pseudo-mechanistic model, involving several competitive and non-competitive reactions, has been suggested and applied to the correlation of the weight loss data. The model applied is capable of accurately representing the different processes involved, and can be of great interest in the understanding and quantification of such phenomena, including the simulation of the instantaneous amount of gases evolved in a foaming process. In addition, a brief discussion on the methodology related to the mathematical modeling of TGA data is presented, taking into account the complex thermal behaviour of the ADC.

DSC study of transitions involved in thermal treatment of foamable mixtures of PE and EVA copolymer with azodicarbonamide

The transitions and reactions involved in the thermal processing of binary mixtures of polyethylene and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers with different concentrations of a foaming agent (azodicarbonamide) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of ZnO as a kicker also was discussed. The temperature at the maximum rate and the heat evolved were measured for all the processes—melting, transitions, and reactions—all the mixtures prepared were measured and compared. Azodicarbonamide decomposed differently depending on the polymeric matrix. These data can be very useful for the plastic processing industry.

Actas del II Congreso de Estudiantes de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad de Alicante

Actas distribuidas a través de memorias USB e Internet (web del congreso).

Formation of a metallic contact: jump to contact revisited

The transition from tunneling to metallic contact between two surfaces does not always involve a jump, but can be smooth. We have observed that the configuration and material composition of the electrodes before contact largely determine the presence or absence of a jump. Moreover, when jumps are found preferential values of conductance have been identified. Through a combination of experiments, molecular dynamics, and first-principles transport calculations these conductance values are identified with atomic contacts of either monomers, dimers, or double-bond contacts.