Water Flow Through the Gills of Port Jackson Sharks

Evidence is presented for the existence of a countercurrent flow between water and blood at the respiratory surfaces of the Port Jackson shark gill.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View to flats from exterior.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View along access balcony.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View to flats from exterior.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View of shared carport facility.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View to flats from exterior.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View to flats from exterior.

Corryton Gardens, Lyneham North, Canberra

View past shared carport facilities to flats.

Self-Similarity of Air-Water Flows in Skimming Flows on Stepped Spillways

Skimming flows on stepped spillways are characterised by a significant rate of turbulent dissipation on the chute. Herein an advanced signal processing of traditional conductivity probe signals is developed to provide further details on the turbulent time and length scales. The technique is applied to a 22° stepped chute operating with flow Reynolds numbers between 3.8 and 7.1 E+5. The new correlation analyses yielded a characterisation of large eddies advecting the bubbles. The turbulent length scales were related to the characteristic depth Y90. Some self-similar relationships were observed systematically at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. These included the distributions of void fraction, bubble count rate, interfacial velocity and turbulence level, and turbulence time and length scales. The self-similarity results were significant because they provided a picture general enough to be used to characterise the air-water flow field in prototype spillways.