5 resultados para Reusable

em University of Queensland eSpace - Australia


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Anion clay hydrotalcite sorbents were prepared to investigate their adsorption capabilities in the removal of coloured organic substances from various aqueous systems. Anion clay hydrotalcite was found to be particularly effective at removing negatively charged species. Its excellent uptake levels of anionic species can be accounted for by its high surface area and anion exchange ability. That is, coloured substances can be adsorbed on the surface or enter the interlayer region of the clay by anion exchange. In the adsorption of Acid Blue 29 on the anion clay hydrotalcite, an equilibrium time of 1 h with dye removal exceeding 99% was obtained. The hydrotalcite was found to have an adsorption capacity marginally below that of commercial activated carbon. It should be noted that the spent sorbents can be regenerated easily by heating at 723 K to remove all adsorbed organics. The reused sorbents displayed greater adsorption capabilities than the newly prepared hydrotalcite. Hence, the anion clay hydrotalcite is easily recoverable and reusable such that it is a promising sorbent for environmental and purification purposes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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The Laryngeal Mask Airway is a reusable device for maintaining the patency of a patient's airway during general anaesthesia. The device can be reused after it has been cleaned and sterilized. Protein contamination of medical instruments is a concern and has been found to occur despite standard sterilization techniques. The reason for the concern relates to the possibility of the transmission of prions and the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disorder such as Creutzveldt-Jacob disease. The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of protein contamination that occurs, and to relate this to the number of times the Laryngeal Mask Airway has been used. Fifty previously used Classic Laryngeal Masks were collected after routine sterilization and packaging. The devices were immersed in protein detecting stain and then visual inspection performed to assess the degree and distribution of the staining. The researcher was blinded to the number of times the Laryngeal Mask Airway had been used. Linear regression analysis of the degrees of staining of the airway revealed that protein contamination occurs after the first use of the device and this increases with each subsequent use. This finding highlights the concern that the currently used cleaning and sterilization methods do not prevent the accumulation of proteinaceous material on Laryngeal Mask Airways. Consideration should be given to the search for more efficient cleaning and sterilization techniques or the use of disposable devices.

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A framework is a reusable design that requires software components to function. To instantiate a framework, a software engineer must provide the software components required by the framework. To do this effectively, the framework-component interfaces must be specified so the software engineer knows what assumptions the framework makes about the components, and so the components can be verified against these assumptions. This paper presents an approach to specifying software frameworks. The approach involves the specification of the framework’s syntax, semantics, and the interfaces between the framework and its components. The approach is demonstrated with a simple case study.

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Our extensive research has indicated that high-school teachers are reluctant to make use of existing instructional educational software (Pollard, 2005). Even software developed in a partnership between a teacher and a software engineer is unlikely to be adopted by teachers outside the partnership (Pollard, 2005). In this paper we address these issues directly by adopting a reusable architectural design for instructional educational software which allows easy customisation of software to meet the specific needs of individual teachers. By doing this we will facilitate more teachers regularly using instructional technology within their classrooms. Our domain-specific software architecture, Interface-Activities-Model, was designed specifically to facilitate individual customisation by redefining and restructuring what constitutes an object so that they can be readily reused or extended as required. The key to this architecture is the way in which the software is broken into small generic encapsulated components with minimal domain specific behaviour. The domain specific behaviour is decoupled from the interface and encapsulated in objects which relate to the instructional material through tasks and activities. The domain model is also broken into two distinct models - Application State Model and Domainspecific Data Model. This decoupling and distribution of control gives the software designer enormous flexibility in modifying components without affecting other sections of the design. This paper sets the context of this architecture, describes it in detail, and applies it to an actual application developed to teach high-school mathematical concepts.